Show:
People
Physical Development
Learning Through Play
Social Emotional Development
Play's Role In Learning
100
These authors identified three temperament types that influence how people interact and explore with objects and people.
Who are: Thomas and Chess p. 9
100
At birth, an infant brain has about how many neurons?
What is 100 billion.
100
This increases children's attention span by enabling them to increase the novelty of their environment through their own actions.
What is Play
100
This enhances an infants survival.
What is Emotional expression. p. 18. This helps infants to gain an adults attention and gain responsive care. Neonates show a smilelike expression, which is not a true smile, distress, and disgust. By 4-6 weeks, a social smile appears.
100
Unfortunately, this has diminished educators understanding of play's role in learning and the importance of play development.
What is Increased Emphasis on learning standards. p. 23
200
This theorist believed that when children imitate something, they are using "accommodation" which is the behavior infants use to repeat what they see.
Who is: Piaget p. 12
200
By this age, most infant brains look almost like the brains of adults, with all areas functioning.
What is one year.
200
This does not need to be externally induced in infants and toddlers.
What is motivation for learning. p. 11 Infants and toddlers constantly exhibit a motivation for learning, which can make adults sometimes become worn out. It is paramount to encourage motivational strengths at a young age because later learning requires a high level of internal motivation.
200
An infant's understanding of the many ways to interact with an object comes from adults modeling and this.
What is "Affordances". These are the combinations of variety, number, and characteristics of objects that invite interaction and signal what types of actions children can do. p. 23
300
This theorist described the "Zone of Proximal Development" as the space between what a child can do alone and what they can do with a small amount of assistance.
Who is Vygotsky p. 14
300
This is why early experience is so crucial to brain development.
What is: synapses that have been activated frequently by repeated early experience tend to become permanent.
300
Reading to young children beginning in infancy is very important because:
What is: By the time they reach toddler age, they will have already mastered the print awareness skills of page turning, picture looking, and story narrative, all of which are essential for later reading skill. p. 13
300
According to Bowlby and Ainsworth, these are 4 stages of attachment formation:
What is: preattachment (b-6 wks), Attachment in the making (6 weeks to 6-8 months), Clear-cut attachment (6-8 mos. to 24 mos.), Reciprocal relationships (after 18-24 months). p. 20
300
These things, done by adults, tell an infant that play is non literal and occurs within a play frame.
What is using animated facial expressions, close facial contact, open eyes and mouth, and high-pitched and strongly emphasized vocalizations. p. 25
400
This theorist believes that we are born with an innate predisposition for language.
Who is Chomsky
400
These are three different temperament types:
What is Easy: positive in mood, regular in function, adaptable, approachable response to new situations. Difficult: Negative in mood, irregular in sleeping and eating patterns, slow to adapt, tend to withdraw in new situations. Slow to Warm up: Low activity levels, low intensity of reactions, slow to adapt and likely to withdraw. Temperament is influenced by your environment and personal characteristics.
400
These two things are culturally transmitted and greatly affected by social interactions.
What are: Language and Literacy. p. 17 These things are learned by social transmission and not by action on the physical environment.
400
Infant mental health is many things. Some types of trauma in infancy can lead to trauma related behaviors such as what?
What is: reenactment of the acts in play, using related words or phrases repeatedly, having nightmares or severe emotional distress, anxiety, aggression, impulsivity, extreme or multiple fears, and a loss of developmental gains. p. 22
400
The ability to do this in childhood seems to be influenced by personality and the objects that are available for play and by parental and sibling modeling and facilitating.
What is pretend p. 26
500
This theorist believed that there were two important developmental crises that occur during the birth to age 3 period: developing trust vs. mistrust and developing autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
Who is Erikson
500
This is what covers neurons and helps electrical and chemical messages to travel quickly through the neural networks.
What is myelin (fatty sheath)
500
The ability to coordinate more than one sensory modality.
What is inter modal coordination. p. 16 Develops during the first year. This is required to be able to reach for and grasp for objects and recognize movement and speed of objects.
500
These are the 6 stages of emotional development according to Greenspan and Greenspan that develop within the first 3 years:
What is: Self regulation of basic emotions, falling in love, developing interactional communication with others, gaining an organized sense of self, creating emotional ideas, using emotional thinking. p. 19
500
This is the belief that a person can achieve desired ends and affect their world.
What is self-efficacy. p. 27 promoted by play, especially during the toddler years, when autonomy develops.