1st Amendment
This 1962 Supreme Court ruling established that school sponsorship of religious activities, such as prayer, violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
What is Engel v. Vitale
In this Supreme Court Case, it was determined that the second amendment right to bear arms must be enforced by the states
What is McDonald v. Chicago
This 1963 Supreme Court case ruled that, under the 6th Amendment, states must provide legal counsel to indigent (poor) defendants in felony cases
What is Gideon v. Wainwright
This case led to the desegregation of schools allowing for black children to attend white schools using the 14th amendment
What is Brown v. Board of Education
This Supreme Court case ruling added Judical Law into the constitution to allow the Supreme court to rule on whether things were constitutional or not
What is Marbury v. Madison
This Supreme Court case ruled that freedom of speech can be limited if it creates a "clear and present danger" and/or poses a threat to national security
What is Schenck v. United States
In this Supreme Court Case, it was determined that Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it made possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime
What is United States v. Lopez
In this Supreme Court Case, it was determined that under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, majority-minority districts may be constitutionally challenged by voters if race is the only factor used in creating the district
What is Shaw v. Reno
This Supreme Court case deemed that the federal government was in control of the national bank, not the states, using the Supreme Clause to justify it
What is McCulloch v. Maryland
This 1971 Supreme Court case bolstered freedom of press protections of the First Amendment, establishing a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security
What is New York Times Co. v. United States
This ruling of the Supreme Court case stated that there was no legislative action that was not justiceable by the supreme court
What is Baker v. Carr
In this Supreme Court Case, it was determined that spending by special interest groups was a form of protected speech under the first amendment
What is Citizens United v. Federal Election Commision
This 1969 Supreme Court case ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights at school as long as their speech does not cause “substantial disruption” to the learning environment
What is Tinker v. Des Moines
This 1972 Supreme Court case ruled that Wisconsin’s compulsory education law, requiring Amish children to attend school past the eighth grade, was unconstitutional and a violation of the First Amendment’s Free Exercise clause
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder