Mostly Religion
What is the name for a Muslim Empire, ruled by religious figures?
A Caliphate
How did Charles Martel earn the nickname, "the Hammer"?
He only ever lost 1 battle.
Charles Martel's son, the father of Charlemagne, was named:
Pepin the Short
On Christmas Day in 800 A.D., Pope Leo gave what title to Charlemagne?
Emperor of the Romans; Holy Roman Emperor
Which Byzantine general oversaw the reconquest of North Africa and Italy under Justinian?
Belisarius
Because the Franks converted to Christianity from Norse Paganism, how did they view Jesus?
They saw him as a warrior.
After Clovis defeated the Visigoths, his territory resembled which modern country?
France
Describe the power of Merovingian kings during Charles Martel's lifetime. What word do we use to describe this?
Figureheads. They were still kings but had no real power.
The Carolingian Renaissance led to a renewed interest in:
Roman learning
What did Theodora say to Justinian during the Nika Riots?
"Royalty is a good enough burial shroud."
What type of Christianity did Clotilde follow?
Catholicism/Catholic Christianity
The Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) via:
the Strait of Gibraltar
Which position in the U.S. government are Palace Mayors most similar to?
the President's Chief of Staff
Explain why the Pope crowned Charlemagne.
The Pope needed a "military arm" to defend the Church and their interests.
Which Russian prince converted his people to Orthodox Christianity and allied with the Byzantines?
Vladimir the Great (Vlad I)
What type of Christianity did Clovis convert to?
Catholic Christianity
Charlemagne's military, capable of campaigning over long distances for many months, is referred to by historians as:
the Carolingian War Machine
Clovis' dynasty, named after his legendary grandfather, was called:
the Merovingian Dynasty
The esteemed Umayyad general that was defeated at the Battle of Tours was named:
Abd al-Rahman
The Byzantine Empire was able to defeat Umayyad fleets using:
Greek fire
Give at least 3 "peoples" conquered by Charlemagne.
Slavs, Avars, Saxons, Saracens, Lombards
Give 4 modern countries that Charlemagne's Empire included.
France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, parts of Spain, Luxembourg
What are 3 major historical consequences of the Battle of Tours?
1) Carolingian Dynasty takes power (family of Martel)
2) Franks again allied with Pope and Rome
3) Muslim advance forever halted at French border
4) Muslims would occupy Spain for 800 years
5) Europe is Christian for centuries to come.
Define "doctrine".
Accepted religious belief or teachings.
At the same time as Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor, the Byzantines had their first ever sole:
Empress