Ag Industrialization
Farmer Protests
Political Figures & Events
Labor Strikes
Populism
100
This machine, invented by Cyrus McCormick, dramatically increased wheat harvesting speed and contributed to overproduction.
What is the (mechanical) reaper?
100
Founded in 1867 by Oliver Hudson Kelley, this organization grew to over 1 million members and fought railroad monopolies.
What is the Grange (Patrons of Husbandry)?
100
Republican president whose "Billion Dollar Congress" spent lavishly on pensions and navy while ignoring farmers.
Who is Benjamin Harrison?
100
1892 strike at Carnegie Steel plant where Pinkertons battled work
What is the Homestead Strike?
100
1892 convention where the People's Party adopted its platform.
What is Omaha (Omaha Platform)?
200
Due to mechanization and expanded farmland, crop prices fell about this percentage for wheat, corn, and cotton between 1865–1890.
What is ~50%?
200
These state laws, pushed by the Grange, regulated railroad rates and were upheld in Munn v. Illinois (1877).
What are Granger Laws?
200
This 1890 tariff raised duties and hurt farmers' export markets.
What is the McKinley Tariff?
200
Number of deaths in the Homestead battle (workers + Pinkertons)
What is 10?
200
Key Populist demand to inflate currency and help debtors by coining silver at a 16:1 ratio.
What is free silver (or free coinage of silver)?
300
This economic condition under the gold standard made fixed debts harder to repay as crop prices fell.
What is deflation?
300
This later, more political group promoted the Subtreasury Plan for government loans on stored crops.
What are the Farmers' Alliances?
300
Democrat president blamed for the Panic of 1893 after repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
Who is Grover Cleveland?
300
1894 nationwide railroad boycott led by Eugene V. Debs' American Railway Union.
What is the Pullman Strike?
300
This 1896 speech ended with the famous line: "You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
What is the Cross of Gold speech?
400
Farmers became trapped by high shipping costs from these companies and loans from these institutions.
What are railroads and banks?
400
The famous Grange poster slogan that emphasized farmers' importance to society.
What is "I Feed You All"?
400
This severe depression saw 18% unemployment and thousands of business/railroad failures.
What is the Panic of 1893?
400
President who sent federal troops to break the Pullman Strike, citing mail delivery.
Who is Grover Cleveland?
400
Populist nominee in 1892 and fusion candidate in 1896.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
500
This term describes the shift from small family farms to larger, mechanized operations, forcing many into tenancy or sharecropping.
What is consolidation (or farm consolidation)?
500
This 1877 Supreme Court case affirmed states' right to regulate railroads in the public interest.
What is Munn v. Illinois?
500
This 1890 act required silver purchases to help inflate currency but contributed to economic instability.
What is the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?
500
Approximate number of workers involved in the Pullman boycott across 27 states.
What is 250,000?
500
Republican who defeated Bryan in 1896, solidifying the gold stan
Who is William McKinley?