INDUSTRIALIZATION 101
How significant were technological advances during this period?
It was very significant, since it transformed production methods and accelerated economic expansion.
Why did urbanization increase during the Gilded Age?
Industrial growth created factory jobs that attracted people to cities.
What was one major problem faced by industrial workers during the Gilded Age?
Long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions.
How effective were Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive policies?
Roosevelt strengthened federal regulation and conservation but did not fundamentally challenge capitalism.
Who were the Progressives?
Progressives were reformers who sought to address social, economic, and political problems caused by industrialization.
2 industries that expanded rapidly during the Gilded Age.
The steel and railroad industry.
How did railroads promote national economic integration?
Railroads connected regions, reduced transportation costs, and allowed goods to be sold in national markets
Why did labor unions grow during the late nineteenth century?
Workers organized unions to demand better wages, safer conditions, and shorter hours.
What were the differences in the Progressive policies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
Roosevelt regulated monopolies, while Wilson focused on breaking them up and reforming banking.
Why did Progressives believe government intervention was necessary?
They believed laissez-faire capitalism allowed corruption and inequality to grow unchecked.
What encouraged Industrial Growth during this period?
The abdundance of raw materials needed for manufacturing and energy production led to industrial growth.
Specifically: the avaliablity of resources such as coal, iron, oil, and timber.
Explain one way rapid economic growth increased social inequality.
Wealth became concentrated among industrialists while a lot of workers remained in poverty.
How far did labor unions successfully challenge the power of big business?
Labor unions had very limited success due to government opposition, strikebreaking, and lack of legal protection.
What amendments were passed during the progressive era?
The 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments were all passed.
Why were political reforms a central aim of the Progressive Movement?
Progressives sought to reduce corruption and increase democratic participation.
How did technological innovation support Industrialization in the United States?
The new technologies increased efficiency, lowered production costs, and allowed for mass production.
What were the negative consequences of rapid economic growth?
Inequality and poor living conditions for many workers.
To what extent did Progressive reforms address the problems of industrial workers?
It improved safety and conditions but did not fully eliminate worker exploitation.
To what extent did World War I undermine the Progressive Movement?
World War I shifted focus away from reform and increased repression, weakening Progressive momentum.
How popular was the Progressive Movement?
Progressivism was popular among the middle class but faced opposition from business leaders and some workers.
"Gilded Age" refers to?
The late nineteenth century, when rapid economic growth and industrialization covered the underlying widespread poverty and corruption.
To what extent was industrialization driven more by private enterprise than government policy?
Government policies such as tariffs and railroad subsidies supported growth.
What was the impact of industrialization on the relationship between labor and management?
Industrialization increased conflict between labor and management as employers sought profits while workers demanded rights, leading to strikes and unionization efforts.
What did the Progressive Movement manage to achieve up to 1920?
The Progressive Movement achieved meaningful reforms but failed to fully resolve inequality and social injustice.
Was the Progressive Movement was more successful in politics than in economics? Yes or No?
Yes, as Progressives achieved major political reforms but had limited success reducing economic inequality.