Vocabulary
The belief that native-born white Americans are superior to newcomers.
Workers formed these to protect their rights and to give them power to collectively bargain.
What is a Labor Union?
The minority culture gradually loses all of the markers that set it apart as a separate culture in the first place.
What is assimilation?
This term was coined during the Gilded Age to portray men who were cruel and ruthless business men who stopped at nothing to achieve great wealth.
What is robber baron?
the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
What is a monopoly?
merging competitor companies with one’s own to gain a market advantage.
What is Horizontal Integration?
What a blacklist?
no limits on immigration.
What is open immigration?
In 1881, his trust controlled 90% of the oil refinery businesses through horizontal integration, creating America’s first monopoly.
These megastores displaced small retail shops, tempting customers with large show, windows and Christmas displays.
What is a department store?
a theory of management that used strict rules to govern worker behavior.
What is Scientific Management?
When Pennsylvania’s governor sent state militia to break this strike, Pittsburgh crowds reacted by burning railroad property and overturning locomotives.
What is the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia), many were Catholic and Jewish. Most were unskilled.
What is new immigration?
In the 1860s, he shifted his focus to the railroad industry, merging local railroads with the New York Central Railroad in 1867, which ran from New York City to Chicago, creating a transportation empire.
Companies used money-back guarantees to coax wary customers to buy products they could not see or touch using these.
What is a mail-order catalog?
a small group of individuals that would hold stock from competitors, controlling them.
What is a Trust?
Although excluding Chinese immigrants, this organization believed ordinary people, regardless of race, gender or level of employment, should have control over the enterprise in which they worked.
What is the Knights of Labor?
prevented laborers from entering the United States. Each decade thereafter, Congress renewed the law and tightened its provisions; it was not repealed until 1943
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Periodically slashed prices in certain markets to below production costs so there was no competition to their profits.
What is predatory pricing?
Rather than charging subscribers the cost of production, magazines began to cover their costs by selling _______.
What is advertisements?
Professor William Graham Sumner from Yale thought that help for the poor was misguided because it would weaken the human species as a whole if we were to preserve the poor. The theory was used to rationalize the corporate monopolies and "robber barons" of the late 19th century.
When police tried to separate crowd at this event, a bomb was thrown that killed several policeman, as a result the officers responded with gunfire. Eight anarchists were found guilty of murder and convicted.
What is the Haymarket Square Riot?
heavily relied on Chinese residents in the United States, who generated documents falsely claiming the newcomers as American- born children.
What is paper sons?
This party drew support from angry farmers in the West and South. It was highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads, and allied itself with the labor movement.
What is the populist party?
With the creation of this new invention, thousands of young women found work as _______.
What is telephone operators?