Composition Of Seawater 432-434
The amount of sodium chloride needed to make artificial seawater.
What is 23.48 grams?
What is three?
This is the portion of the Photic Zone near the surface where light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur?
What is the euphotic zone?
What two factors influence a regions photosynthetic productivity?
1) availability of nutrients
2) amount of solar radiation
At ocean ridges, cold seawater circulates hundreds of meters down into this highly fractured area.
What is the basaltic crust?
A sequence of organisms through with energy is transferred
What is a food chain?
What do the red arrows mean on page 453?
Warm ocean currents
The line that marks the contact between land and sea
What is the shoreline?
Why isn't the salinity of seawater increasing?
Materials are being removed as much as it is being made.
Freshwater and Saltwater both occupy large areas of water. Which is more dense and why?
Saltwater, because of the dissolved salts.
The name of organisms that can move independently
What is Nekton (swimmers)?
This explains why productivity is low in tropical regions of open ocean.
What is a strong thermocline that prevents mixing of warm and cold surface waters.
Where are hydrothermal vents found?
Around the oceanic ridge system
Name all the oceans
Correct response gets candy
These are large whirls of water within an ocean basin.
What are gyres?
These are two ways waves cause erosion
What is abrasion and hydraulic action?
Is seawater more strongly alkaline or more strongly acidic?
Alkaline
What is one primary difference between the Dead Sea and a normal sea?
How are marine organisms classified?
By where they live and how they move.
Why do some regions of the ocean teem with life while others are barren?
Ample nutrients and good sunlight vary
How hot can the mineral-rich water be?
Higher than 350 degrees C
Which has the most phytoplankton biomass: Mid-latitude, Polar, or Tropical?
Polar
The Rising of cold water to replace warmer surface water
What is coastal upwelling?
These currents extend outwards and interfere with oncoming waves
RIP currents
Seawater consists of about __________percent (by weight), dissolved mineral substances that are collectively termed salts.
What is 3.5%?
The salinity of the Dead Sea compared to average seawater.
What is 330%
about 228,000
This process involves converting carbon into organic compounds without energy from the sun.
What is Chemosynthesis?
Explain four steps in the process Deep-Sea Hydrothermal vents go through to obtain the minerals
Seawater circulates into fractured basaltic crust
Water is heated by magmatic sources
Hot water strips metals and elements from surrounding rock
The heated fluid becomes hot and buoyant enough to rise
This is the meaning of the root word "tropho"
What is nourishment?
The only current that completely encircles the Earth
What is the West Wind Drift?
Turbulent water created by breaking waves is called this
What is Surf?
Scientists have calculated that this is the amount of human generated carbon dioxide that ends up in the oceans.
What is 1/3 overall.
This layer of the ocean is where the temperature changes rapidly
What is the Thermocline?
What does most of the Earth's biomass consist of?
Plankton
Symbiotic bacteria rely on what species for a suitable habitat?
What is tube worm?
Why does the water in the hydrothermal fluid not boil?
The pressure of the water column is to high
The percent of light energy that is absorbed by algae
What is 2%?
What is the difference between the direction of circulation for the Northern Hemisphere basins and the Southern Hemisphere basins?
The Southern Hemisphere basins circulate counterclockwise. Northern circulate clockwise.
These are created when turbulent waters in the line of breakers heaped up sand that had been scoured from the ocean floor.
What are barrier islands?
Where is high salinity found?
Where evaporation rates are highest
The transition zone makes up this percent of the ocean
What is 18%
All organisms--algae, animals, bacteria--that drift with ocean currents are
Plankton
Name 3 oceanic creatures that filter feed
Whales, Clams, Barnacles
Mineral matter rapidly precipitating from solution when the hot water comes in contact with the cold seawater forms a smoke-like cloud called
What is a black smoker?
What season causes productivity in oceans to flourish and why?
Spring,because the sun reaches greater depth in water
What are the four main currents that comprise the North Pacific Gyre?
North Pacific, North Equatorial, Kuroshio, and California
How do the speed, length, and height f a wave change as the wave moves into shallow water and breaks?
Its speed and length decrease while height increases.
How does dissolved carbon dioxide affect seawater?
It lowers the Ph
The layer between 980 feet and 3300 feet where density changes in depth
What is the pycnocline?
What single celled algae is a "productivity" of plankton
Diatoms
Minerals present in deep sea hydrothermal vents include
What are significant amounts of iron, copper, zinc, lead, and sometimes silver and gold?
A complex feeding relationship is depicted in this
What is a food web?
What does the Coriolis effect correlate to?
Gyres flow in different directions in the two hemispheres.
These two factors influence seawater density
What are salinity and temperature?
At what depth is the water permanent thermocline and why
200 Meters--a barrier due to temperature and density that blocks the mixing of nutrient rich waters
North Pacific, North Atlantic, Southern Hemisphere, and Indian Ocean are these
What season creates the most nutrients in the oceans?
Winter