Transmutations
What is a Transmutation?
Occurs when the atomic nucleus of one element is changed into the nucleus of a different element
Name the four types of Nuclear decay.
beta (𝛃) particle, alpha (𝞪 or He) particle, gamma radiation, positron
What is a half-life?
The half-life of an element is the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample to decay.
Fission involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus to produce lighter nuclei
How many reactants does a natural transmutation have?
Uno
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What effect does gamma radiation have in an equation?
Nothing. None. Zero. It doesn't have a mass or charge.
Does temperature, pressure or concentration affect the rate of decay?
Nope.
What is fusion?
Fusion involves the combination of lighter nuclei to produce a heavier nucleus
What is the ratio of neutrons to protons that determines the stability of a nucleus?
(Z < 83 and Z > 83)
Z < 83 is 1:1
Z > 85 is 1:5:1
What is it called when a nucleus decays without external influence?
Natural Transmutation
How many half-lives does it take for 100.0 mg to 3.125 mg?
5 half lives
What is an example of a Fission reaction?
A Uranium fission reaction
10 n + 23592 U -> 23692 U -> 14456 Ba + 8936 Kr + 310n
Which particle is represented by X in the following transmutation?
13153I → 13154Xe + X
Beta Particle
Which form of nuclear decay occurs when a proton is being converted to a neutron?
If 80 mg of a radioactive isotope element decays to 10mg in 30 min, what is the element’s half life in minutes?
How does a fusion reaction occur? (with what elements?)
Hydrogen-2 and Hydrogen-3 (Deuterium and Tritium)
21H + 31H ->42He + 10n
Which species is represented by X in the following transmutation?
94Be + 11H → 42He + X
63Li
What occurs in beta decay?
An electron leaves the nucleus during the conversion of a proton to a neutron.
How long will it take a 12.0 g sample of radium-226 to decay to 0.375 g if the half life of radium is 21 years?
Name one positive and one negative of these reactions.
Positives: Fission produces a lot of energy. Fusion produces a lot of energy and the products are not highly radioactive.
Negatives: Fission produces a lot of radioactive waste. For fusion, extreme temperatures and pressures are required to make the reactions happen