Wall Street Crash
When did the stock market crash (Exact to day)
24 October 1929 Black Thursda
Name a key new consumer product that became widely available in 1920s America due to mass production.
The automobile, specifically the Ford Model T.
How did Hoover make connections with people and boost their confidence?Gives out an event/example
NO EVENTS
Which president launched the New Deal?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Did the Depression affect American society? Give one example.
Yes, the Depression had a major impact on American society.Example: Mass unemployment caused widespread poverty, forcing many families to struggle to meet basic needs such as food and housing
Explain Speculation
gambling that the value of companies would keep increasing and so they would be able to sell shares quickly and make a profit
How did Prohibition lead to a rise in organized crime?
Prohibition created a vast, illegal market for alcohol, which organized crime syndicates monopolized for enormous profit and power.
Gives out a similarity in Hoover’s policy and FDR’s policy.
Belief in capitalism. use public construction project. expand federal intervention, both take actions to stabilize the banking system
What is the Emergency Banking Act?
An act was passed that declared a four-day national bank holiday, during which all banks were inspected. Only well-managed banks were allowed to reopen.
How did the Depression affect people's daily lives? List several aspects The Depression affected daily life in several ways:
Unemployment, family life(financial stress), health(malnutrition, poor medical care), housing(homeless), migration(people moved in search of work)
Why was speculation in the stock market more dangerous than many Americans believed?
Buying on the margin meant investors used borrowed money. When prices fell, margin calls forced investors to sell immediately. Risk became systemic, affecting the entire market, not just individuals
What was one major economic weakness in the 1920s boom that contributed to the Great Depression?
The severe maldistribution of wealth meant most Americans lacked the purchasing power to sustain the economic growth.
Gives out three key criticisms of Hoover’s response.
He only began to take direct federal action after ‘voluntaryism’ and state action had failed.His measures were ‘too little, too late’ By 1932 Hoover’s Federal Farm Board had failed. The collapse of global grain prices meant the measure was not effective. His moratorium on inter-Allied debt failed as Europe already in deep depression
Name several acts that ensured labor rights
Wagner Act: join unions, collective bargainingFair Labor Standards Act: minimum wage, maximum working hours, prohibited child labor
What economic problems did the Depression cause? Name three major issues.
Which group had the GREATEST responsibility for the Wall Street Crash due to their power and influence? Justify each option after giving the answer.
Big bankers and the US government
Why can the 1920s be seen as a period of cultural conflict rather than just liberation?
Movements of liberation, like the flapper, provoked powerful backlash movements
Briefly identify one key difference between Herbert Hoover's approach to the Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelt's approach
A key difference was that Hoover generally favored voluntary cooperation between businesses and government, whereas Roosevelt pursued direct federal intervention.
Compare and contrast WPA & PWA and their significance.
PWA: Harold Ickes, providing job opportunities for skilled individuals. included dams, bridges, and airports, providing long-term recovery.WPA: Harry Hopkins, providing jobs for unskilled workers.included road construction, park maintenance, and cultural projects. It provided immediate relief from unemployment.
Compare H. Zinn’s view of the New Deal with D. Nasaw’s view
H.Zinn:A missed opportunity, claiming it failed to bring real social justice and left long-term poverty and unemployment unresolved.
D. Nasaw:successful, preserved democracy, strengthen the political system.
Besides the stock market crash, what other factors affected the economy as well? (list three)
the demand for new houses had slowed down，consumers were buying fewer consumer goods，farm incomes had fallen to $8 billion by 1928，The wealthy were spending huge amounts on the stock market rather than manufactured goods，high tariffs
From a historiographical perspective, why is the Roaring 20s considered a misleading label for the decade?
The label "Roaring Twenties" obscures the pervasive economic instability in rural America
Some of the measures Hoover took were in fact effective. explain why. At least two points.
Had some success in persuading business to act themselves. In 1930 Hoover created the Grain Stabilization Cooperation. Hoover increased government spending for subsidy and relief schemes.The Emergency Relief and Construction Act was passed to help unemployed. The Federal Home Loans Act created Federal home loans banks to provide assistance for people who could not pay off their mortgages.
What are the limitations of the New Deal? How far did these limitations undermine its effectiveness?
Full recovery only came with WWII mobilizationPersist unemploymentRacial & gender inequalityConstitutional challenges: NIRA unconstitutional
How far did the New Deal improve social welfare in the USA?The New Deal improved social welfare to a moderate extent
Improvements: WPA, Social Security Act
Limitations: The minority, many welfare benefits did not reach domestic and agricultural workers.oPoverty and unemployment continued throughout the 1930s