Hoover and the Crash
What is overproduction?
a situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demand
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt?
The 32nd President of the United States
What is a pension?
retirement payments
What are civil rights?
The rights guaranteed in the Constitution, especially voting and equal treatment under the law.
Who was Frances Perkins?
She was the first woman to serve in the cabinet and supported laws that improved wages, working conditions, and cooperation between workers and employers.
what is bankruptcy?
The financial failure caused by a company's inability to pay its debts.
What is a fireside chat?
Radio Talks
Believed the government was becoming too powerful.
What kinds of jobs were available to women before the depression?
Salesclerks, secretaries, schoolteachers, librarians, factory workers, maids, seamstresses, and housekeepers.
What is a Sit-Down Strike?
Name a famous example and state if they are still legal.
- Famous example: United Auto Workers sit-down strike of 1936.
- The Supreme court ruled sit-down strikes to be illegal.
List the major troubles that the industries faced during the great depression.
overproduction, incomes falling, housing and manufacturing decline, fewer customers.
Did Previous Presidents believe that the government should be involved in economic problems?
No
How did the supreme court threaten the New Deal?
The Supreme Court ruled that some New Deal Programs were unconstitutional.
How did discrimination affect African Americans when losing jobs?
If any sharecroppers lost their land due to plunging cotton prices they would move north towards the cities. However, typically jobs done by African Americans would now be filled with whites. African Americans would also be the last to be hired and the first to be fired.
Who did the Social Security Act provide for? (4 answers)
Pension insurance for retirees, aid for dependent children, financial aid for the disabled, and unemployment insurance for people who had lost their jobs.
What actions did President Hoover take to try to ease the economic crisis?
He encouraged city and state governments to create public works projects and created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
What did the New Deal provide? What was it?
Relief for struggling Americans, Recovery in rebuilding the economy, reform in preventing future crises, created many new government programs, etc.
How did Roosevelt Respond to the Supreme court striking down New Deal Programs?
Proposed adding more justices to the court.
What did Mexican Americans do as migrant workers?
They traveled from farm to farm to pick crops for low wages
What is the National Labor Relations Act (The Wagner Act)?
Gave workers the right to form or join unions and banned firing workers for joining a union. It also supported collective bargaining where workers can negotiate wages, hours, and benefits as a group. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was then created which forced employers to negotiate with unions.
What percentage of people were unemployed?
25%
Name the New Deal program example that we talked about in class and what it was about.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). This created jobs for workers to build dams which then brought electricity to rural areas for the first time.
What was the long term impact of the New Deal?
What caused the Dust Bowl in the 1930s?
The Dust Bowl was caused by a period of drought, combined with modern farming methods that removed the layer of sod from the soil.
What was the CIO and why was it important?
The CIO was the Congress of Industrial Organizations. It organized workers by industry, not by skill. It also included skilled and unskilled workers. It also opened union membership to Women, African Americans, and Unskilled workers. Finally, it helped workers gain more power and better working conditions.