Endocrine Basics
This gland is known as the “master gland” because it controls many other endocrine glands.
What is the pituitary gland?
This hormone increases heart rate and prepares the body for “fight or flight.”
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
These are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone.
What are the testes?
This condition is caused by insufficient insulin production or action
What is diabetes mellitus?
This system works closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis using rapid signaling.
What is the nervous system?
These are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.
What are hormones?
This hormone regulates metabolism and is produced by the thyroid gland.
What is thyroxine (T4)?
This structure in the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization.
What is the fallopian tube (oviduct)?
This disorder results from an overactive thyroid gland.
What is hyperthyroidism?
This hormone pair works antagonistically to regulate blood calcium levels.
What are calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
This type of feedback mechanism reduces hormone production once a certain level is reached.
What is negative feedback?
This hormone stimulates ovulation in females.
What is luteinizing hormone (LH)?
This hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
What is testosterone?
This condition is caused by a deficiency of iodine in the diet.
What is a goiter?
This stage of sperm development involves the transformation into a motile sperm cell.
What is spermiogenesis?
This hormone, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting uptake into cells.
What is insulin?
This hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys and is released from the posterior pituitary.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This phase of the menstrual cycle involves the thickening of the uterine lining.
What is the proliferative phase?
This syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels.
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
This hormone maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy and is produced after ovulation.
What is progesterone?
This hypothalamic-pituitary relationship involves hormones traveling through a specialized portal blood system.
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?
This hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
This process ensures genetic variation by separating homologous chromosomes during gamete formation.
What is meiosis?
This condition involves underproduction of growth hormone during childhood, leading to short stature.
What is pituitary dwarfism?
This hormone produced by the placenta maintains pregnancy by supporting progesterone production early on.
What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?