Key People & Concepts
This scientist is known as the “Father of the Green Revolution.”
Norman Borlaug
Machines like tractors and tillers that increased farm production during the Green Revolution.
Mechanization
Did food production increase or decrease during the green revolution?
Increased
Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides led to this type of contamination
agricultural pollution
This continent benefited the least from the Green Revolution.
Africa
This larger agricultural movement includes the Green Revolution and expanded mechanization and scientific farming.
Third Agricultural Revolution
Growing more than one crop per year in the same field.
Double cropping
India shifted from importing wheat to becoming this.
self-sufficient
Intensive irrigation and double cropping contributed to this land problem.
soil erosion
Africa’s great diversity of climate and this natural factor made fertilizer development expensive.
Soils
This is the process of breeding two plants with desirable traits to create a stronger seed.
Hybridization
These two types of chemicals were widely used to increase yields.
fertilizers and pesticides
From 1960–2000, wheat yields increased by this percentage.
208%
Runoff from farms contaminated this essential resource used for drinking and irrigation.
water supply (surface and groundwater)
Many African staple crops like sorghum and millet were not included in these research efforts.
seed-hybridization programs
This process uses engineering techniques to alter the DNA of a seed.
a genetically modified organism (GMO)
The shorter wheat variety developed in Mexico was designed to resist disease and grow in these conditions.
Harsh climates
Higher crop production caused these (adjusted for inflation) to fall until 2005.
real food prices
Mechanization increased reliance on this type of energy source.
fossil fuels
Africa’s lack of this made research, development, and transportation costly.
transportation infrastructure
This Indian geneticist was a prominent leader in the Green Revolution
M. S. Swaminathan
Scientists combined long-grain rice from Indonesia with this type of rice from Taiwan to create a new strain.
Dense-grain dwarf rice
By the second decade of the 21st century, this percentage of the developing world had an adequate diet.
80%
The Green Revolution often widened inequality between these two groups in developing countries.
men and women (gender inequality)
Nearly this percentage of Africa’s population has been affected by food insecurity.
30%