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Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which blood vessels contain valves?
Veins
How many cells thick are capillaries?
1 cell thick
What is the blood vessel called that returns blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Where are pacemaker cells found in the heart?
Right atrium
State a risk factor of CHD
Lack of exercise, diet high in fat/salt, obseity
What is the fatty material called that builds up in the coronary arteries?
Cholestral
State two treatements of CHD
Stents, statins, lifestyle changes
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscle?
Left atrium
Which part of the blood causes clotting?
Platelets
What is the function of valves?
To prevent backflow of blood
What are the four components of blood?
White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, plasma
Name two substances transported in the blood.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, glucose
Which part of the blood fights infection?
White blood cells
Which blood vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
Vena Cava
What does a double circulatory system mean?
Right side = lungs, left side = body
Suggest two lifestyle changes somebody could make to prevent CHD.
Reduce cholestral
Eat less sugary foods
Regular exercise
Reduce alcohol
Explain how CHD can cause a heart attack.
Reduced blood flow, less oxygen to the heart and less respiration.
Explain what a non-communicable disease.
Describe how stents treat CHD.
Wire mesh that widens the artery to increase blood flow.
Explain why heart muscle cells have lots of mitochondria.
More respiration to release more energy for the heart muscles to contract.
Describe the path of oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary vein to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta
Explain why veins have valves but arteries do not.
Veins are low pressure and valves prevent the back flow of blood. Arteries are high pressure.
Describe two structual differences between an artery and a vein.
Arteries have thick muscle, lots of elastic fibre, narrow lumen.
Veins have thinner muscle, less elastic fibres and a wide lumen.
Explain one way to capillary is adapted to its function.
Walls are one cell thick for short diffusion.
Large surface area for exchanging substances.