Let's Crusade!
Who was encouraged to join the Crusades according to Pope Urban II?
A. Only nobles
B. Knights only
C. All ranks of people, even those without military experience
D. Priests only
C. All ranks of people, even those without military experience
True or False: For the most part, the crusades accomplished what they were meant to.
False
How did the invention of a new horse harness help peasants farm more efficiently during the High Middle Ages?
A. It allowed horses to pull carts instead of oxen, making it easier to transport crops to market.
B. The new harness fit around the horse’s chest instead of its neck, allowing it to pull heavy plows without choking, which sped up farming and made land easier to cultivate.
C. It connected the horse to multiple plows at once, increasing the amount of land that could be farmed in a day.
D. It was decorated with symbols of noble families, encouraging peasants to work harder to please their lords.
B. The new harness fit around the horse’s chest instead of its neck, allowing it to pull heavy plows without choking, which sped up farming and made land easier to cultivate.
What does “credit” mean in the Middle Ages?
Borrowing money now and paying later
What is a guild? What is their general purpose?
Why motivation to join the crusades was specific to wealthy nobles?
second, third sons, etc. were not going to inherit land. They wanted the opportunity to conquer/own their own.
What happened to trade after the Crusades?
It increased
What is manpower?
The number of eligible workers who can do jobs in a society.
How does an investor make money?
They get a part of the profit a merchant makes after their journey.
What modern day art-related word comes from the guild system?
masterpiece
What event(s) led to the first crusade? Bullet point each one on your board and then explain how they did verbally.
1) Seljuk Turks took Turkey from the Byzantines. 2) They also conquered Jerusalem and did not allow Christians to access it. 3) Alexios went to Pope Urban and asked for help. 4) Pope Urban agreed to help.
What happened to kings' power when nobles left for the Crusades? Explain what happened and how.
Since lords sold or gave up their land, kings took the land and made their kingdoms more centralized. They no longer needed to rely on lords for labor or resources and thus, had more power.
What is a subsistence economy? How was the manor system a subsistence economy?
Making just enough to survive. Manors were mostly self-sufficient and needed everything they produced. They did not have extra to trade with others and make money.
How did sharing risk work? Why was it worth it for long distance trade?
Trips were long, dangerous, and expensive. They could lose everything. But if more than one person funded a part of the trip, if it failed, one person would not lose their whole life savings. Instead multiple people would lose some money.
List two ways that guilds made trade fairer. Then verbally explain how each thing did so.
answers may vary.
Why did far fewer peasants and commoners participate in the Second Crusade compared to the First? Write down a specific statistic that is relevant. You can then verbally explain your answer.
Commoners suffered extremely high death rates in the First Crusade (85%), often dying before even reaching the battlefield. As a result, fewer poor people joined the Second Crusade. Graphs show a major drop in commoner participation (50,000 -> 10,000) and a rise in nobles and knights (10,000 -> 40,000). This suggests that as the dangers became clearer, fewer poor people risked it, and crusading shifted toward the elite who had the resources to be more successful.
They were in debt to shipbuilders and merchants of Venice. Venetian wanted wealth and money and agreed to let the debt go if the crusaders helped them pillage Constantinople.
How did a new middle class form as a result of the commercial revolution in the High Middle Ages in Western Europe?
The growth of trade and towns created opportunities for merchants, artisans, and bankers to gain wealth and status outside the feudal system. Otherwise, people were either peasants or nobles in a subsistence economy.
How did the Medici family gain power from banking?
They lent money to kings and popes, which gave them political influence.
How were guilds like insurance companies?
If a merchant died, got sick or lost their business in an accident or robbery, the guild gave money or helped their families until they recovered.
1) He wanted to unite the Catholic and Orthodox churches again under his power
2) He wanted to prevent Muslims from threatening his power in Western Europe
3) He wanted access to Jerusalem again
How did the crusades allow Catholics to question the legitimacy of the Pope?
The Pope assured Catholics that God wanted them to fight in the crusades and would ensure their success. When most of them failed and many people died, people started to question if the Pope really could speak for the Pope or was even chosen by the Pope.
What two basic things are essential in trade? Explain how western Europe was able to get these two things after being stuck in the manorial system for so long.
1) surplus goods to sell, 2) people with money to buy non-essential goods.
increased agricultural yield led to an increase in manpower, which then let to job diversity. people could then produce goods to sell instead of just farming to survive. This then allowed them to make money. They would then spend that money supporting someone else's business.
What is a bill of exchange and why were they helpful for long-distance trade?
A promise in writing to pay someone money later. Like an early check or IOU. They were helpful because trade journeys were months long and if an investor needed money back before the end of the journey, they could sell it to someone else.
How did guilds support long-distance travel and trade?
trade?They organized guards, created convoys, and gave members help in faraway cities.