Where was the first juvenile court opened in 1899?
Chicago, Illinois
100
How long has a separate system for juveniles been around in the United States?
Just over 100 years
100
What were built for vagrant and delinquent teens?
Reform Schools
100
What is the movement that had the "best interests of the child" at its heart?
"Child Savers" movement
200
What is the legal concept of allowing the state to act "in place of the parents"?
in loco parentis
200
Who were thought to be more prone to deviant and immoral behavior?
Urban youth and children of immigrants
200
What was put in place in 1974 to help the unfairness in punishment of juveniles?
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
200
How many juvenile executions have been imposed from 1973 to 2004?
228
300
What is the focus of the Juvenile Justice system?
Rehabilitation
300
What was allowed to be used against juvenile criminals in the 19th century?
The Death Penalty
300
When did all states had juvenile courts?
1945
300
How many states have made it easier for juveniles to be tried as adults?
45 States
400
What case ruled that parens patriae and good intentions are sufficient for intervention without concern for due process?
Commonwealth v. Fisher
400
Who called for institutions that would instruct delinquent youth in proper discipline and moral behavior?
Society for the Prevention of Pauperism
400
What established and formalized parens patriae?
Ex parte Crouse
400
What case ruled that the death penalty for children under the age of 18 was considered cruel and unusual punishment and therefore a violation of the 8th and 14th Amendments?