Integumentary System
What are the three main layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer
How does the endocrine system communicate with target organs?
By releasing hormones into the bloodstream
Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
What term describes the body’s ability to maintain internal balance?
Homeostasis
Which gas is primarily responsible for regulating blood pH?
Carbon dioxide
Which skin layer contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and hair follicles?
Dermis
Why is endocrine control slower than nervous system control?
Hormones must travel through the bloodstream to reach target organs
What process allows oxygen to move from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
Diffusion
What term describes a group of tissues working together to perform a function?
Organ
What body system plays the largest role in controlling acid–base
Respiratory System
Why does damage to the dermis cause bleeding while damage to the epidermis usually does not?
The epidermis contains no blood vessels
Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
What gas moves from the blood into the alveoli during respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What term refers to the smallest blood vessels where exchange occurs?
Capillaries
Why is acid–base balance critical for normal cellular function?
Enzymes and cellular processes only work within a narrow pH range
How does the integumentary system help regulate body temperature?
Through sweating and dilation or constriction of blood vessels
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
Why can gas exchange fail even when the airway is open?
V/Q mismatch
What term refers to the amount of air moved in a single breath?
Tidal volume
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35–7.45
What substance is produced by the skin when exposed to sunlight?
Vitamin D
Which endocrine glands are responsible for the body’s stress response?
Adrenal glands
What two body systems must work together for gas exchange to be effective?
Respiratory and circulatory systems
What term describes the average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle?
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
What condition occurs when blood becomes too acidic?
Acidosis