Disease
What is a virus?
A microscopic infectious agent made of genetic material and proteins
What is the role of the first line of defence?
Barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the body
What is the role of the second line of defence?
General responses to pathogens inside the body
What is the role of the third line of defence?
Responses to specific pathogens inside the body that build immunity
What is a vaccine?
A substance that boosts the body's immunity to a specific pathogen
What is the difference between a microbe and a pathogen?
A microbe is an organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye
A pathogen is microscopic organism or agent that causes disease
What are cilia and where are they?
Microscopic hairs on cells that line the airways
How does inflammation help fight an infection?
Increased blood flow brings white blood cells to fight invading pathogens.
B cells produce certain molecules to identify and fight specific pathogens. What are they called and what kind of molecule is it?
Antibodies are proteins that can identify and fight a specific pathogen
What is the infection rate?
The percentage of unvaccinated people who end up being infected
Give three types of pathogens.
Bacteria, virus, fungus
How can pathogens breach the first line of defence?
Airways, abrasions, food
Nose and mouth, cuts, eyes, etc
What are phagocytes?
A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens
What are B cells?
A white blood cell that produces proteins to attack pathogens
When does an infection occur?
When pathogens manage to enter the body and multiply
How can the contagiousness of a disease be lessened?
Washing hands regularly
Covering the nose and mouth when sneezing
Etc
Name and describe two types of barriers in the first line of defence.
Physical Barrier: A defence that blocks or traps pathogens before they can enter the body
Chemical Barrier: A defence that kills pathogens before they can enter the body
What is it called when one change in a system causes another change in the opposite direction?
Negative Feedback Loop
What is immunity to a disease?
The body's ability to protect itself from infection when B cells remain in the bloodstream as memory cells preventing that pathogen from making one sick.
Define Herd Immunity.
The protection from infection provided when most of a population is immune
What is the difference between infectious and contagious diseases?
An infectious disease is any disease that is caused by a microbe infecting the body while a contagious disease can spread from person to person.
Give three parts of the first line of defence.
Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, stomach acid, cilia, urine flow
Give three parts of the second line of defence.
Fever, inflammation, phagocytes
Give three parts of the third line of defence.
B cells, antibodies, memory cells
What are a two myths about vaccines?
1: Vaccines have a high risk of dangerous side effects
2: Vaccines cause autism