Fast Facts
What is a pathogen and what are the four major categories?
Microscopic organism that causes disease: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic
Which Cell plays a central role in initiating the allergic response?
Mast Cells
What is the purpose of opsonization?
To enhance phagocytosis
What is the importance of the Adaptive Immune Response (3 answers)?
Memory, Adaptability, and Specificity
Where do B cells develop and mature?
Bone Marrow
What are the primary lymphoid organs? Name Two
Bone Marrow and Thymus
What are Eosinophils important in?
Defense against multicellular parasites (e.g. helminths)
What is a DAMP
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns
What cells belong to the lymphoid lineage? Name 3
T cells, B cells, and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, ILCs)
How do B cells recognize native antigens?
BCR
What are the secondary lymphoid organs? Name Two
Lymph Nodes, spleen (or MALT, GALT)
Name the profession antigen-presenting cells
Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells
When will NK cells be activated?
When activating signals outwigh inhibitory signals
What is the purpose of negative selection in T cells?
To eliminate T cells that are highly reactive; recognize self-antigens
What is a Tfh and what do they do?
T follicular helper cell that help B cells produce anitbodies
What is the primary source of lymphocytes development?
Bone Marrow
Why is antigen processing necessary before antigen presentation?
Because T cells recognize peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules, not intact proteins
What are PAMPS and what is their purpose?
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern - recognized by innate system ot trigger immune response
What are Tregs and their purpose?
Regulatory T cells that suppress autoreactive immune responses
What allows B cells to undergo genetic rearrangement in the bone marrow?
VDJ recombination
Which organ allows immune cells to sample antigens arriving from peripheral tissues?
Draining lymph nodes
Which intracellular compartment is primarily involved in processing extracellular antigens for presentation on MHC class II?
Endosomes/Lysosomes
What are two major outcomes of complement activation?
Opsonization, inflammation, and/or direct lysis of pathogens
What is the difference in the expression of NHC class I and MHC II?
MHC class II only express on antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages) while MHC class I is on most cells
Why do B cells often require help from T cells to produce high-quality antibodies?
For B
cell selection, differentiation and the production of high-affinity, long-lasting antibodies.