The Immune System

Cellular Immunity

100

Definition

Remembers antigens, specific defense where T-cells directly attack and destroy diseased/foreign antigens

200

Helper T cell

Promote T-Cell and B-Cell action and nonspecific resistance; release cytokines

300

Cytotoxic T cell

Killer T-Cell (T8, CD8+), effectors of cellular immunity

400

Regulatory T cell

Inhibit multiplication and cytokine secretion so body doesn't attack itself (T4, CD4+)

500

Interleukins

Secreted by Helper T-Cells, attract neutrophils, NK cells, and macrophages; stimulate T and B cell mitosis

Antibodies

100

IgA

Monomer in plasma, mucus, secretions; prevents pathogen adherence to epithelia/tissues. 

200

IgE

Monomer; transmembrane protein on basophils, histamine release. Attracts eosinophils to parasitic infections

300

IgM

Pentamer in plasma and lymph; secreted in primary immune response, agglutination, complement fixation

400

IgD

Monomer; B-cell antigen receptor, activates it

500

IgG

Monomer; 80% of circulating antibodies. Secreted in complement fixation

Humoral Immunity

100

Definition

Indirect; B-cells make antibodies that bind to antigens and tag them for destruction

200

Recognition

B-cell engulfs foreign antigen; if a TH-cell binds to the Ag-MHCP complex, it triggers clonal selection

300

Attack and Memory

5 Types of Immunoglobin, 1st exposure triggers IgM, 2nd triggers IgG

400

Primary Response

Leaves you with an immune memory of antigen. 

500

Secondary Response

Anamnestic Response; if re-exposed to same antigen, plasma cells give heavy rise to IgG

1st Defense (Innate)

100

Skin

Too dry and nutrient-poor for microbial growth; dermicidin, densins, and catheliedins are peptides in skin that kill microbes

200

Mucous Membranes

Physically trap microbes; lysozomes are enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls

300

Sub-epithelial Areolar Tissue

Viscous barrier of hyaluronic acid; Hyaluronidase is a pathogenic enzyme used to make it less thick

400

H-Pylori

Microorganism that can survive low pH of the stomach; eats wall of it and produces urea/ulcers

500

Complement Sys. 4 Methods of Destruction

Inflammation, Immune Clearance, Phagocytosis, Cytolysis

2nd Defense

100

Alternative Pathway

Non-specific, C3 breaks down blood and C3b binds to targets. Triggers cascade reaction

200

NK Cells

INNATE. Constantly patrol body, release perforin and granzymes. Trigger cell death.

300

Anti-microbial Proteins

INNATE. Give short term resistance to pathogens; interferons, complement system, cytokines, chemokine, interleukins 

400

Classical Pathway

ADAPTIVE, antibody binds to pathogen and forms Ag-Ab complex. Sets off cascade called complement fixation

500

Lectin Pathway

Non-Specific; plasma proteins bind to carbs (sugars) on cell and sets off a cascade of C3 production.