Temperament
Individual differences by which young infants first exert a unique influence on others around them form this.
What is temperament?
An explanation of emotion that stresses goal attainment in everyday experience.
What is functionalist?
This construct organizes and integrates our experience of who we are in the context of changing life events and provides an essential foundation to personality development.
What is sense of self?
A Chinese caregiver responds to a shy child in a warm and accepting manner, while a Canadian caregiver responds to a shy child in a punitive manner. These differences might be explained by this.
What is the cultural values that are inherent in interactions of temperament and environment?
The argument that the association of difficult temperament with later behavioral problems results from negative environmental influences around them (such as frustrated parenting).
What is the "differential susceptibility hypothesis?"
This neurological development accompanies an increased ability for emotional regulation during childhood.
What is maturation of functional connections between subcortical and frontal systems regulating emotion?
Your friend tells you a story about themselves that they remember from when they were 1 year old. You call them a liar based on your belief that this has not yet developed.
What is autobiographical memory?
The influence of temperament on personality or adjustment may be dependent on this.
What is "goodness-of-fit?"
According to Rothbart and colleagues, these two components of temperament appear to mirror the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory nervous system processes.
What are reactivity and self-regulation?
The "emotional center" of the brain.
What is the limbic system, especially the amygdala?
The development of self during this period can be described as a period of "introspection, disturbing self-criticism, and pain as well as pleasure regarding the new forms of self-awareness that emerge."
What is adolescence?
The belief that you can improve is also known as this.
What is Growth Mindset?
Researchers have found maternal depressive symptomology in late pregnancy has been associated with increased methylation of a specific site of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in newborns, which was associated with heightened cortisol levels in infants during an information processing task at 3 months. This example could also be described as this.
What is behavioral epigenetics?
Your young infant begins to cry upon hearing the sound of another baby crying. At first you think, "Aww, my baby is so empathetic." Then you remember your Lifespan class and decide the explanation is more likely this.
What is emotional contagion?
Some attachment theorists believe that parent-infant attachments serve as a crucial foundation for the growth of healthy self-regard via this mechanism.
What are "internal working models?"
These researchers conceptualized temperament as consisting of Activity Level, Emotionality, and Sociability.
Who are Buss & Plomin?
Effortful control, Inhibition of responding, orienting, and adaptability.
What are aspects of self-regulation?
While display rules refer to the expression of emotion, this refers to the management of emotional experience.
What is emotion regulation?
In middle childhood, as children develop more realistic and self-critical self-assessments in addition to being more heavily influenced by social comparison, they may experience a decline in this.
What is self-esteem?
When an infant tries to discern the emotional meaning underlying adult facial and vocal expressions and incorporates this meaning into their interpretation of the adult's behavior, they are engaging in this.
What is social referencing?