The First Industrial Revolution
This natural resource replaced wood as Britain’s main fuel source during the Industrial Revolution.
Coal
This revolution improved farming and increased the food supply in Britain.
The Agricultural Revolution
This metal replaced iron after the Bessemer process made it cheaper to produce.
This term describes modern societies with large-scale institutions and mass culture.
Mass Society
This economic system is based on private ownership and free markets.
Capitalism
This invention allowed coal to power machines and factories.
Steam Engine
This movement fenced off common land and forced many workers to move to cities.
The Enclosure Movement
This new form of energy powered lights, machines, and streetcars in the late 1800s.
Answer: What is electricity?
electricity
This social class made up about 80% of the population in industrial Europe.
Working Class
Karl Marx believed society was divided into these two opposing classes.
1. bourgeoisie
2. proletariat
Henry Cort invented this process that used coke to remove impurities from iron.
Puddling
Britain had large supplies of these two key natural resources needed for industrialization.
Coal and iron ore
This inventor introduced the assembly line in 1913 to mass-produce automobiles.
Henry Ford
Clerks, typists, secretaries, and salespeople are examples of this type of workers.
White collar workers
Workers organized these groups to demand better wages and working conditions.
Trade unions
This engineer built the first coal-powered steam locomotive in 1804.
Richard Trevithick
People who start new businesses and invest capital are called this.
Entreprenuers
This engine powered automobiles and airplanes and ran on gasoline or oil.
internal combustion engine
Between 1880 and 1920, over this many immigrants came to the United States
About 20 million
This belief applied “survival of the fittest” to societies and nations.
Social Darwinism
This locomotive built by George Stephenson won a famous railway competition in 1829.
Rocket
his type of economy allows privately owned businesses to operate with limited government interference.
Free enterprise economy
This manufacturing system breaks production into small repetitive tasks for efficiency.
Division of Labor
This movement fought for women’s political rights, especially the right to vote.
The women's suffrage movement
This famous French case revealed strong anti-Semitism when a Jewish officer was falsely accused of treason.
The Dreyfus Affair