The Money Trail
The medieval economic system where land was the primary source of wealth and peasants worked for a lord’s protection.
What is manorialism?
This Renaissance invention by Gutenberg made it possible for the 95 Theses to spread rapidly across Europe.
What is the Printing Press?
In the Feudal system, this person was legally bound to the land and could not leave without the lord's permission.
What are serfs?
The belief used by kings that they were responsible only to God for their actions.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
The Renaissance movement that focused on human potential and achievements rather than just religious salvation.
What is Humanism?
These people were used as free labour for companies and colonialists in the New World
What are enslaved peoples?
A navigation tool used by explorers like Magellan to determine their location at sea.
What is the astrolabe?
The massive shift of people from rural farm areas to crowded cities.
What is Urbanization?
Enlightenment thinker John Locke argued that every human is born with these (Life, Liberty, Property).
What are Natural Rights?
Developed by thinkers like Isaac Newton and Galileo, this uses observation and experimentation to explain the world.
What is the Scientific Method?
An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.
What is Capitalism?
James Watt’s improvement of this machine provided the mobile power source needed to run factories and trains.
What is the steam engine?
Extremely crowded, multi-story apartment buildings where factory workers lived in poor, unsanitary conditions.
What are Tenements?
A feeling of deep pride and loyalty to one’s own people, often based on shared language, history, or culture.
What is Nationalism?
A political philosophy that grew from the Enlightenment, favoring individual liberty, democracy, and free markets.
What is liberalism?
This is how people made goods before the Industrial Revolution
What is by hand?
This was the first industry to be transformed by machines like the Spinning Jenny and the Power Loom.
What is the TEXTILE Industry?
These groups formed by workers used "collective bargaining" to fight for better pay and safer work environments.
What are Labour Unions?
Known as "The Liberator," he led nationalist independence movements against Spanish rule in South America, (specifically Colombia & Venezuela)
Who is Simon Bolivar?
An artistic and intellectual movement that reacted against the Industrial Revolution by emphasizing nature, emotion, and the past.
What is Romanticism?
Karl Marx’s term for the "have-nots" or the working class who he believed would eventually overthrow the owners.
What is the proletariat?
This 1850s invention made steel production cheap and fast, fueling the growth of railroads and bridges.
What is the Bessemer process?
This broad term refers to the various resources—such as farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses—that produce and distribute goods.
What are the Means of Production?
Otto von Bismarck’s philosophy of "politics of reality," where power and practical goals are more important than morals.
What is realpolitik?
The belief that laws and actions should be judged based on their "utility"—doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
What is Utilitarianism?