Labor Movements
This was the first large-scale labor organization in the United States that advocated for an 8-hour workday.
What is the Knights of Labor?
This term refers to small, unsafe, and crowded workplaces, common during the Industrial Revolution
What are sweatshops?
This 1938 law in the U.S. established minimum wage and prohibited child labor in certain industries.
What is the Fair Labor Standards Act?
Question: Children as young as this age were employed in factories during the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: What is 5 years old?
This British philosopher and economist wrote "The Condition of the Working Class in England" and critiqued the living conditions during industrialization.
Who is Friedrich Engels?
This 1886 labor strike turned violent in Chicago and led to the Haymarket Affair.
What is the Haymarket Riot?
This 1911 disaster at a garment factory in New York led to major reforms in workplace safety.
What is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
The British Parliament passed these laws in the 19th century to limit the working hours of children in factories.
What are the Factory Acts?
Question: This group was the largest portion of the child workforce in textile mills.
Answer: Who are girls?
This woman is known for her activism in improving workplace conditions for women and children, and for leading the National Consumers League.
Who is Florence Kelley?
This labor leader founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and focused on better wages, hours, and working conditions.
Who is Samuel Gompers?
In the 19th century, factory workers often worked this many hours per day.
What is 12-16 hours?
This U.S. president was known for his progressive labor reforms, including the establishment of the Department of Labor.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
Question: This reformer is known for her work to end child labor and for founding the National Consumers League.
Answer: Who is Florence Kelley?
This American social reformer helped found Hull House and advocated for improved living conditions in urban areas.
Who is Jane Addams?
This strike, which occurred at Andrew Carnegie’s steel plant in 1892, resulted in a violent clash between workers and private security.
What is the Homestead Strike?
Early factories were often dangerous, with workers facing these common hazards.
What are machine injuries, poor ventilation, and toxic fumes?
This 1842 legal case in the U.S. affirmed the right of workers to organize unions and strike.
What is Commonwealth v. Hunt?
Question: This organization was founded in 1904 to promote the abolition of child labor in the United States.
Answer: What is the National Child Labor Committee?
This muckraker journalist wrote The Jungle, exposing the harsh conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
This infamous railroad strike of 1894 saw federal troops intervening, highlighting the tension between labor unions and the government.
What is the Pullman Strike?
This term refers to low wages earned by factory workers during the Industrial Revolution, often below subsistence level.
What are poverty wages?
This legislation passed in 1916 was the first U.S. federal law to regulate child labor, but it was later declared unconstitutional.
What is the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act?
Question: In this European country, child labor laws were first passed in 1833 to prevent children under the age of 9 from working in textile mills.
Answer: What is the United Kingdom?
This early labor leader, known as “Mother Jones,” organized strikes and fought for workers' rights, particularly focusing on child labor.
Who is Mary Harris Jones?