Agricultural Revolution
This agricultural practice, involving planting different crops in a sequence, helped maintain soil fertility and was a cornerstone of the Agricultural Revolution.
Crop rotation
This machine, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, revolutionized the cotton industry by quickly separating seeds from cotton fibers.
Cotton Gin
The country where the Industrial Revolution first began.
England
This fuel, often mined by children and workers in dangerous conditions, powered steam engines and was essential to industrial growth.
Coal
England was in need of these three main natural resources post industrial Revolution.
Silver, Tea, and Rubber
This device planted seeds in neat rows, helping increase crop yields and efficiency.
Seed Drill
James Watt’s improvements to this power source in the 1770s helped drive machinery and transform industries across Europe.
Steam Engine
These large buildings, often located near rivers and later in urban areas, housed machinery and workers, transforming production processes.
Factories
This practice, involving children working long hours in factories and mines, raised awareness about the need for labor reforms.
Child Labor
This concept, often summarized as "survival of the fittest," was used to justify European imperialism, claiming that certain races were superior.
Social Darwinism
During the Agricultural Revolution, improvements in farming led to an increase in this type of food in England, making people stronger and healthier.
Potato/Corn
What invention, created by Richard Arkwright, used water power to spin cotton thread efficiently?
The Water Frame
This social class, including factory owners, merchants, and skilled professionals, grew in wealth and influence during the Industrial Revolution.
Bourgeoisie (Middle Class)
As a result of industrialization, these large, crowded living areas developed around factories, often marked by poor sanitation and cramped housing.
Tenements
These 3 main motives drove European countries to expand their empires and establish colonies around the world.
economic, political, and religious
Before the enclosure movement, farmers used these shared lands to graze animals and grow crops, but the loss of these lands pushed many to cities.
Common Lands
This spinning machine, invented by James Hargreaves, could spin multiple threads at once and greatly boosted textile production.
Spinning Jenny
This process of people moving from rural areas to cities, often in search of work, rapidly expanded as industries developed.
Urbanization
This industry, one of the first to industrialize, brought the production of cloth and clothing.
Textile Industry
What U.S. example showed economic and political motives for expansion? (pacific island)
The annexation of Hawaii
A home-based system where goods were produced by hand; it allowed peasants to earn extra income before the rise of factories.
Cottage Industry
What process developed by Henry Cort improved the quality of iron by removing impurities?
The Puddling Process
This economic system, characterized by private ownership and competition, drove investment in new technologies and industries during the Industrial Revolution.
Capitalism
This German philosopher criticized the effects of industrial capitalism on workers, co-authoring the Communist Manifesto as a call for class struggle.
Karl Marx
In 1885, this Belgian monarch claimed control over the Congo River Valley, turning it into his personal colony and exploiting its people for rubber and ivory.
King Leopold II