important figures
Who called for the 1st crusade?
Pope Urban II.
In which century did this controversy happen?
the 11th century
How many major crusades were there?
8
Which famous Europeans fought in the 3rd crusade against Saladin? (name at least one)
Richard I., king Phillip II.
Which two people were involved in the conflict?
Pope Gregory VII. and Henry IV.
What caused the crusades to start?
Desire for wealth, to capture The Holy Land
The nickname for Richard I.
Lionheart
Pope Gregory VII. excommunicated emperor Henry IV. What did Henry IV. have to do afterwards?
He walked barefoot to Canossa and begged for forgivness.
When did they begin (the year)?
1095
What is The Investiture contoversy about?
A power struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and secular monarchs (the Holy Roman Empire).
There was a 9th crusade. What was it?
The kids crusade in 1212.