John Marshall & the Judicial Branch
This Chief Justice wrote the opinion in Marbury v. Madison and is credited with greatly strengthening the Supreme Court.
Who is John Marshall?
In the election of 1824, no candidate won a majority of electoral votes, so the winner was chosen by this body.
What is the House of Representatives?
Andrew Jackson used this presidential power to reject the recharter of the Bank of the United States.
What is the veto?
This 1830 law signed by Andrew Jackson authorized moving Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River.
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This Chief Justice strengthened the Supreme Court by establishing judicial review.
Who is John Marshall?
The power established by Marbury v. Madison that allows the Supreme Court to declare a law invalid if it conflicts with the Constitution.
What is judicial review?
Supporters of Andrew Jackson accused Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a secret deal after the House chose Adams as president. This accusation became known by this two-word phrase.
What is the "corrupt bargain"?
Jackson opposed the Bank of the U.S. partly because he believed it favored wealthy Northerners and this group over the common people. Fill in the blank: it favored _____?
Who are wealthy elites / the rich / private bankers?
The forced relocation of the Cherokee and other tribes, in which many died on the way to Indian Territory, is commonly known by this painful name.
What is the Trail of Tears?
This Supreme Court case gave the judicial branch the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
A decision by the Supreme Court that becomes a guide for later similar cases is called this. Name it.
What is a precedent?
The election of 1828 is notable because this candidate won by appealing directly to common white men and forming a new political coalition.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
When South Carolina threatened to ignore a federal tariff and nullify it, the conflict between the state and federal government was called this.
What is the Nullification Crisis?
The Cherokee Nation fought removal in the courts and won a favorable decision in this Supreme Court case, which said Georgia laws did not apply in Cherokee territory.
What is Worcester v. Georgia?
This controversial election was decided by the House of Representatives and led to claims of a “corrupt bargain.”
What is the Election of 1824?
n cases where the national government’s laws conflicted with state laws during Marshall’s tenure, Marshall’s rulings usually increased the power of this level of government.
What is the federal (national) government?
The growth in the number of voters who were allowed to vote (especially white men) during this era is called this.
What is expanded suffrage?
To enforce federal law during the Nullification Crisis, Congress passed this law giving the president authority to use the military if necessary.
What is the Force Bill?
Even though the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee in Worcester v. Georgia, President Jackson and Georgia ignored the decision. This shows a limit in the power of the Court because the Court lacks this power to enforce its rulings.
What is the power to enforce its decisions (executive enforcement)?
This political crisis occurred when South Carolina claimed it could ignore a federal tariff, challenging the power of the national government.
What is the Nullification Crisis?
This 1819 Supreme Court case (decided under Marshall) strengthened federal power over state governments by upholding Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce and implied powers of the national government.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
Name two changes or tactics used in the 1828 campaign that showed how political campaigns were becoming more democratic and populist.
Possible answers include: use of rallies and parades, campaigning to the "common man," creation of party organizations (Democratic Party), mudslinging/personal attacks in newspapers.
Explain one economic and one political consequence of Jackson’s struggle with the Bank of the U.S. (short answer).
Economic: Removal of federal deposits weakened the national bank and contributed to unstable banking and credit (leading toward the Panic of 1837). Political: Jackson’s actions increased presidential power and deepened regional/political divisions between supporters and opponents of the Bank.
Describe two major effects of the Indian Removal policy on Native American tribes and on the United States (short answer).
Effects on Native American tribes: loss of ancestral homelands, high death toll, cultural disruption, loss of sovereignty. Effects on the United States: expansion of white settlement in the Southeast, increased tensions over federal vs. state policy toward Native lands, moral and political controversy.
This federal law forced Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, to move west, resulting in the Trail of Tears.
What is the Indian Removal Act?