The Federal Judiciary
The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.
Jurisdiction
This concept allows the Supreme Court to declare law an actions of the federal government “unconstitutional”
Judicial Review
These provisions help ensure fair treatment in the criminal justice process from arrest through sentencing.
Due Process
Protection from cruel and unusual punishment is provided by this amendment.
8th Amendment
Crimes against an individual that result in the physical or mental harm of that individual.
Personal Crime
According to the US Constitution, what are the only requirements for a federal justice?
Being appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in these cases.
Cases between states and cases involving ambassadors.
At this step in the criminal justice process, a person suspected of a crime meets with a judge and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.
Arraignment
Protections from unreasonable searches and seizures are provided in this amendment.
The 4th Amendment
This level of crime typically carries a sentence of less than a year in jail, if any time served at all.
Misdemeanor
This group of Senators conducts hearings on judicial nominees before the Senate votes to confirm.
The Senate Judiciary Committee
This judicial philosophy refers to justices making decisions based on personal opinions, feelings, and political considerations rather than the law or the Constitution.
Judicial Activism
This is the most serious sentence, reserved for those convicted of the most heinous crimes.
Capital Punishment/Death Penalty
Equal protection under the law through the due process provisions from the bill of rights were applied to legal proceedings at the state and local levels through this amendment.
14 Amendment
Crimes that involve interference with another person’s belongings.
Property Crimes
Josh is charged with violating both state and federal firearm statutes. Since he has violated both state and federal laws, his case will be tried in both state and federal court. Both levels of courts share what type of jurisdiction in this case?
Concurrent Jurisdiction
This Supreme Court case balanced the power of the three branches of government by granting the Supreme Court the power of judicial review.
Marburry v. Madison
What is the benefit of the prosecution offering plea bargains to defendants in the criminal justice process?
It saves the government money and resources.
These two due process provisions are provided in the 5th amendment.
Self Incrimination and Double Jeopardy
A more serious classification of crime, usually resulting in a year or longer served in prison.
Felony
Explain how the principle of checks and balances is reflected in the process of judicial appointments.
The President (Executive Branch) appoints the judge, and the Senate (Legislative Branch) confirms the judge's nomination.
Justices who practice this judicial philosophy adhere to a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Judicial Restraint
In the most serious of cases, this group hands down an indictment when they determine that there is sufficient evidence to charge a suspect with a crime.
Grand Jury
Due to this Supreme Court Case, law enforcement is required to inform a suspect of their right to remain silent and right to counsel before taking the suspect into custody. Any evidence obtained before these rights are read, are inadmissible in court.
Miranda v. Arizona
Someone who asks, hires, or commands someone else to commit a crime can be charged with this.
Solicitation