Structure
The article of the U.S. Constitution that establishes the Judicial Branch.
What is Article III?
This landmark 1803 case established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.
What is Jurisdiction?
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional.
What is Judicial Review?
The Fifth Amendment protection against being tried twice for the same crime.
What is double jeopardy?
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) was a case argued over first amendment rights for which group of people?
Who are school students?
The lowest level of the federal court system, where most federal cases begin.
What is District Court?
The 1963 case of Gideon v. Wainwright determined that this was a constitutional right that had to be granted even if you couldn't afford it.
What is representation by an attorney?
It is a court's authority to be the first to hear a legal case.
What is an original jurisdiction?
The branch can check the judicial branch by altering the number of Supreme Court justices.
What is the legislative branch?
This Sixth Amendment right guarantees a prompt trial.
What is the right to a speedy trial?
The number of U.S. Courts of Appeals, also known as Circuit Courts.
What is thirteen (13)?
The total number of Justices, including the Chief Justice, currently on the Supreme Court.
What is 9?
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the SCOTUS ruled that these constitutional rights had to be read to individuals being arrested.
What are the right to remain silent (5th) and the right to an attorney (6th)?
The legal term for an earlier court decision that guides future cases with similar facts.
What is precedent or stare decisis?
The process by which federal judges and justices can be removed from office.
What is impeachment?
The amendment that guarantees protection against cruel and unusual punishment.
What is the 8th Amendment?
The current Chief Justice of the United States.
Who is John G. Roberts Jr.?
The length of a Supreme Court Justice's term "during good behavior".
What is a lifetime appointment/term?
The 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson set this national standard until it was overturned by another case in 1954.
What is Separate but Equal (Racial Segregation)?
The term for a Supreme Court Justice who agrees with the majority decision but for different reasons.
What is a concurring opinion?
The executive check on the judicial branch that exempts an individual from punishment for a federal crime.
What is a pardon?
The Fourth Amendment protection that requires police to have a search warrant or probable cause.
What is protection against unreasonable searches and seizures?
The congressional body that must approve the President's nomination of a federal judge.
What is the Senate?
The court where a person would have a decision from a U.S. District Court reviewed.
What is an appellate court?
This case in 1954 overturned the ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson. Racial Segregation would no longer be the national standard.
What is Brown vs. Topeka Kansas BOE?
A formal request to the Supreme Court to hear a case, which four justices must agree to grant.
What is a writ of certiorari?
This principle allows the federal judiciary to strike down state laws that conflict with the U.S. Constitution.
What is the Supremacy Clause (Article VI of the Constitution)?
The amendment that contains the due process clause used to apply most Bill of Rights protections to the states.
What is the 14th Amendment?
It is the type of jurisdiction that means only federal courts can hear a case.
What is exclusive jurisdiction?