Why do we punish?
Discouraging future criminal acts by both the offender and others in the population
What is deterrence?
The first known body of law, established about 4,000 years ago, which lays out the basis of criminal law.
What is the Code of Hammurabi?
A report provided to the judge to assist in sentencing decisions.
What is presentence investigation report?
This person is considered the first bail bondsman and the founder of American probation.
Who is John Augustus?
A written agreement to pay the court if the defendant fails to attend required court appearances.
What is a bail bond?
Isolation of the offender from the general population
What is incapacitation?
The Hebrew legal system, which started when God gave Moses two stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments.
What is Mosaic Law?
A system where the offender receives a sentence that covers a time range rather than a fixed period.
What is indeterminate sentencing?
These conditions are commitments every probationer agrees to abide by in return for remaining at liberty in the community.
What are standard conditions?
This confinement facility is operated by local government and is used for persons not yet convicted of a crime.
What is jail?
Providing the offender with skills, attitudes, and norms that enable him or her to be law-abiding
What is rehabilitation?
A separate and silent strategy assuming that offenders would more quickly repent and reform if they could reflect on their crimes all day.
What is the Pennsylvania System?
A system where a convicted offender receives a sentence for a fixed time period rather than a time range.
What is determinate sentencing?
What is a court ordered special condition that mandates offenders to complete unpaid work for nonprofit organizations.
What is community service?
Today, there are more of these inmates in jails than there are in hospitals.
Who are the mentally ill?
Just and adequate punishment
What is retribution?
This prison system kept prisoners separate at night but allowed them to work together in silence during the day.
What is the Auburn System?
What are two types of sentencing guidelines?
What is voluntary and presumptive?
This is a tool used to monitor probationers or parolees in the community that tracks their location.
What is electronic monitoring?
The country's largest jails, holding over 1,000 people each.
What is mega jails?
Restoring the victim, community, and offender through accountability, respect for the law and the legal process, and attention to victim needs
What is restoration?
A philosophy that views criminals not so much as "bad' but as "sick" and in need of treatment.
What is the medical model?
When an offender convicted of multiple sentences is allowed to serve those offenses at the same time.
What is concurrent sentencing?
This alternative process aims to increase treatment services, stabilize clients faster, and reduce recidivism.
What is problem solving courts?
Facilities using a specific architectural design and inmate supervision to reduce violent and destructive behavior.
What is new generation jails?