This system filters toxins and wastes out of the blood while retaining an appropriate balance of water and nutrients.
What is the excretory system?
100
This is the large cup-shaped closed end of the renal tubule that surrounds the glomerulus.
What is the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?
100
Blood enters the kidney via this blood vessel.
What is the renal artery?
100
These are specialized cells in the hypothalamus that sense changes in solute concentrations in the blood.
What are osmoreceptors?
100
This organ is responsible for regulating blood volume.
What is the kidney?
200
This is the non-selective, passive process performed by the glomerulus.
What is filtration?
200
This is the region of the nephron where most of the needed solutes are reabsorbed.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
200
These cells extend around the glomerulus and interdigitate to create a "sieve" to filter smaller molecules out of the blood to create filtrate.
What are podocytes?
200
The release of renin results in the formation of this hormone.
What is angiotensin II?
200
These are two things in the blood that you should not find in the urine.
What are blood cells and proteins?
300
These are the artioles leading to and away from the glomerulus in that order.
What is the afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole?
300
This is the region of the tubule most responsible for the reabsorption of water.
What is the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
300
The medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability of this region of the tubule.
What is the loop of Henle?
300
This is the hormone that directly influences sodium ion concentration in the renal tubule filtrate.
What is aldosterone?
300
These are the channels that allow water in the collecting duct to diffuse out for reabsorption?
What are aquaporins?
400
These are the tubes that drain the kidneys, the structure responsible for storing urine, and the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.
What are the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra?
400
What would happen to filtration if hydrostatic pressure within the glomerular capsule were increased above normal?
Net filtration would decrease.
400
Before it enters the ureters, urine passes through this major structure of the kidney.
What is the renal pelvis... minor and major calyces before that.
400
Name three actions influenced directly by angiotensis II.
What are:
vasoconstriction
ADH release from posterior pituitary
release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
400
The protein renin is this class of protein.
What is an enzyme?
500
Alcohol acts as a diuretic (promotes the production of urine) because it does this.
What is inhibits release of ADH?
500
This is the functional and structural unit of the kidney.
What is the nephron?
500
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.
1. major calyx
2. minor calyx
3. nephron
4. urethra
5. ureter
6. collecting duct
What is 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4?
500
This type of change in blood pressure would cause the JG cells to release this.
What is renin?
500
Use of active transport is necessary only at this time.
What is when moving a particle against its electrical or chemical gradient?