Result of severe blow from lateral side (valgus force)
Complete tear of deep capsular ligament and partial tear of superficial layer on the medial aspect
What is Grade II MCL Sprain
100
The ACL runs from ______________ to _______________
What is posterior lateral to anterior medial?
100
Lachmans, Pivot Shift, Anterior Drawer
What are ACL Special Tests?
100
Allows for Flexion of the knee
What is Hamstring and Gastroc?
100
3 sections of the meniscus
What is Red/White; White/White; Red/Red?
200
Tibia externally rotated and valgus force at the knee (occasionally the result of hyperextension from direct blow)
Experience pop w/ severe pain and disability
Positive anterior drawer and Lachman’s
What is ACL Sprain/ Tear
200
Stops excessive internal rotation, stabilizes the knee in full extension and prevents hyperextension
What is ACL?
200
Used to assess the integrity of a valgus and varus force respectively
Testing at 0 degrees incorporates capsular testing while testing at 30 degrees of flexion isolates the ligaments
What are collateral ligament special tests?
200
Muscles of the quad
What are vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris?
200
Same MOI as collateral/cruciate ligaments or meniscal injuries
Twisting, sudden cutting or direct blow
Hear a snap and feeling of giving way
Immediate swelling and considerable pain
What is Osteochondral Knee Fractures?
300
Result of a varus force, generally w/ the tibia internally rotated
What is LCL Sprain
300
Prevents any tibial translation in the sagittal plane
What are MCL and LCL?
300
Sag Test, Posterior Drawer Test, Godfreys Test
What is PCL Special Test?
300
Muscles of the Hamstring
What are Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus?
300
Direct or indirect trauma (severe pull of tendon)
Semi-flexed position with forcible contraction (falling, jumping or running)
What is patella fractures?
400
Most common MOI is rotary force w/ knee flexed or extended
Tears may be longitudinal, oblique or transverse
Joint line pain and loss of motion
Intermittent locking and giving way
What is Meniscus Tear
400
Prevents excessive internal rotation, limits anterior translation and posterior translation when tibia is fixed and non-weight bearing, respectively
What is PCL
400
McMurrays, Appleys Compression Test, A positive test is found when clicking and popping are felt
What are meniscus special tests
400
When the knee is in full extension, the femur slightly medially rotates on the tibia to lock the knee joint in place
What is popliteus?
400
Deceleration w/ simultaneous cutting in opposite direction (valgus force at knee)
Quad pulls the patella out of alignment
What is patellar dislocation?
500
Most at risk during 90 degrees of flexion
Fall on bent knee is most common mechanism
Can also be damaged as a result of a rotational force
AKA "Dashboard Injury"
What is PCL Tear
500
As the knee extends it externally rotates because the medial femoral condyle is larger than the lateral
What is Screw Home Mechanism
500
Use endpoint feel to determine stability
Knee laxity includes both straight and rotary instability
Translation (tibial translation) refers to the glide of tibial plateau relative to the femoral condyles
What is purpose of special test in the knee?
500
Longest muscle in the human body
Flexor and Rotator of the Leg at the Thigh
What is Sartorius
500
Softening and deterioration of the articular cartilage
Undergoes three stages
-Swelling and softening of cartilage
-Fissure of softened cartilage
-Deformation of cartilage surface