Cycle Starters
This two-carbon molecule combines with oxaloacetate to start the Krebs cycle.
What is acetyl-CoA?
How many molecules of direct ATP are produced in one cycle turn.
What is 1 ATP?
What molecule(s) inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
What is acetyl coA and NADH?
The citrate-malate shuttle does what?
Transports acetyl CoA from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol.
1) Oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA join to form citrate
2) Citrate passes through the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane to enter the cytoplasm
3) Acetyl coA is cleaved off of citrate to produce acetyl coA and oxaloacetate
4) Oxaloacetate is converted into malate which can pass through the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the mitochondrial matrix
Spontaneous reactions have a positive/negative ΔG.
Negative
This four-carbon molecule is the first to react with acetyl-CoA, forming citrate.
What is oxaloacetate?
This many NADH molecules are produced in one turn of the Krebs cycle.
What is 3 NADH?
When the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is phosphorylated by PDH kinase, the complex is?
What is inactive?
The α-glycerol phosphate shuttle does what?
Transfers cytosolic NADH to the mitochondria to participate in the ETC?
Endergonic reactions are also what type of reactions?
Anabolic
The first product of the Krebs cycle is this six-carbon molecule.
What is citrate?
This is the total number of high-energy molecules (NADH, FADH₂, and ATP) produced per turn.
What is 10?
What molecule(s) stimulate the isocitrate dehydrogenase complex?
What is ADP & NAD+?
What does the malate-aspartate shuttle do?
Transports NADH from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to participate in the ETC.
What is the high energy bond in ATP?
The 2nd bond that connects the gamma phosphate to the Beta phosphate
This high-energy molecule, produced in glycolysis, must be converted to enter the Krebs cycle.
What is pyruvate?
Including the two pyruvates produced from one glucose, this many total NADH molecules are produced in two Krebs cycle turns.
What is 6 NADH?
What molecule(s) inhibit the α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?
What is ATP, NADH, Succinyl-CoA?
Lactate dehydrogenase converts ... to ... to produce cytosolic NAD+
Pyruvate to Lactate
What is the calorie per gram of fats, proteins, and carbs?
Fats: 9
Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
This enzyme catalyzes the combination of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.
What is citrate synthase?
What enzyme in the citric acid cycle is complex 2 of the ETC?
What is succinate dehydrogenase?
What is the rate limiting step of the TCA?
What is the conversion of isocitrate to α-Ketoglutarate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase?
The cytosol has a high/low H+ concentration and a positive/negative electric potential.
High H+ concentration/ positive electric potential
What is the equation for BMR (Basal metabolic rate) & energy needed per day?
BMR = 24 x Body weight (kg)
Energy needed = BMR + energy for physical activity