Minerals & Rocks
This type of rock forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies.
What are igneous rocks?
This top soil layer is rich in humus and organic material.
What is the A horizon or top soil?
This is an area of land where all water drains toward the same river or lake.
What is a watershed?
This global movement of ocean water is driven by temperature & salinity differences.
What is thermohaline circulation (ocean circulation)?
Coal and natural gas belong to this category of energy resources.
What are fossil fuels?
Heat and pressure transform existing rock into this type of rock.
What are metamorphic rocks?
This soil layer contains mostly weathered parent material and little organic matter.
What is the C horizon or fragmented parent rock
This process occurs when water from rivers & lakes changes into water vapor.
What is evaporation?
Glaciers & pack ice are part of this Earth system.
What is the cryosphere?
This energy resource uses heat from inside the Earth to generate electricity.
What is geothermal energy?
This naturally occurring, inorganic solid has a definite chemical composition & crystal structure.
What is a mineral?
This term describes ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years.
What is permafrost?
This ocean trench is the deepest point on Earth's lithosphere.
What is the Mariana Trench?
This floating sea ice forms in polar waters.
What is pack ice?
Burning fossil fuels increases the concentration of this GHG in the atmosphere.
What is carbon dioxide?
This property describes how a mineral resists being scratched & is measured using the Mohs scale.
What is hardness?
This layer above permafrost thaws during summer months.
What is the active layer?
This renewable energy resource uses moving water from rivers or waterfalls to generate electricity.
What is hydroelectric power?
Energy generated from the movement of ocean waves is called this.
What is wave energy?
This non-renewable energy resource (mined in Que.) and used to produce electricity through nuclear reactions.
What is uranium?
This streak test results helps identify hematite because it leaves a reddish-brown powder.
What is the mineral's streak?
Climate change is causing permafrost to thaw, releasing this GHG trapped in frozen soil.
What is methane?
This structure is built to control river flow & produce hydroelectric energy.
What is a dam?
This factor helps drive surface ocean currents along with wind.
What is the Coriolis effect?
Fossil fuels are considered non-renewable because of this reason.
What is "they take millions of years to form"?