Circulator/Infiltrative Disorders
What is used to differentiate Congenital Portal vein Hypoplasia from Congenital Portal Systemic Shunt?
Radiographs
What kind of necrosis does White Phosphorous cause?
Periportal necrosis
What enzyme is only inducible in dogs?
C-ALP: Corticosteroid ALP
A 2-day old puppy has ALP WRI is this normal a why could this be?
No
The puppy was unable to ingest colostrum
What part of the GI tract are Bile salts reabsorbed in?
the Ileum
What makes Bedlington terriers predisposed to Canine Copper-Associated Hepatopathy?
Mutation in the COMMD1 gene
What makes cats more susceptible to Drug hepatotoxicity?
They are deficient in hepatic glucuronyl transferase
What type of assay measures the biochemical reactions of conversion of substrate to product or measures based on substrate disappearance?
Endpoint Assay
In what species is ALP not very diagnostically sensitive and what can you use instead?
Cats: GGT look for signs of icterus
Cattle: GGT
What is the most important factor when testing for Bile acids?
Fasting the animal
What is a common cause of Amyloidosis?
Prolonged systemic inflammation
What is the most common response to hepatotoxic injury and why?
Centrilobular Necrosis
Contains the highest concentration of CYP450 enzymes
Which enzyme has the shortest half-life?
ALT (cat)
ALT (dog)
GGT (Eq)
ALP (Dog)
ALT (cat)
An over conditioned Cat that was off feed for a few days and is now eating presents to your clinic and you suspect hepatic lipidosis what enzyme levels would you see?
Increased ALT, ALP
Decreased GGT
Why can an increase in albumin cause a false increase in bilirubin?
Bilirubin binds to albumin delaying its elimination by the kidneys
What kind of Disorder is caused by Right sided heart failure and what would that look like in the liver?
Passive congestion
Grossly: enlarged with rounded edges
Centrilobular degeneration/Atrophy also called nutmeg liver
An area has been going through a drought for a couple months and over the last weeks a farmer's herd of cattle are losing weight are reluctant to move and a few have died.
What do you suspect based on Hx and CS and what liver findings would you find on necropsy?
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Containing Plants
Nodular regeneration and fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia and enlarged hepatocytes
What enzyme(s) are used to test for cholestasis in small animals and where in the liver is affected for each?
ALP (bile canaliculi) and GGT (the bile duct)
A racehorse has the enzyme levels as follows...
Increased AST and ALT, WRI CK
What is most likely the cause?
Liver damage
What type of bilirubin is produced by the lysis of RBC?
Unconjugated bilirubin
A 6month old Great Dane is much small than it should be and has frequently pressing his head into the wall. What type of circulatory disorder is suspected and what liver findings would confirm it?
Intrahepatic Congenital Portal Systemic Shunt
Microhepatica, Lobular Atrophy, small or absent portal veins and reduplication of arterioles
Hepatocellular Carcinoma can be the result of chronic exposure to what?
Aflatoxicosis
If there is hemolysis in a sample what enzymes may be falsely decreased?
ALP, GGT and Amylase
What is a less expensive way than IgG levels to test if a calf ingested enough colostrum?
GGT levels
What is recommended prior to doing a liver FNA or biopsy?
Coagulation screen