The First Livestock Animals
What year were livestock animals first brought to America?
1492
What happened to horses native to North America before European arrival?
They disappeared before European arrival.
How does close management of animals improve health?
Close management improves the animals' health through monitoring.
What determines the grades for pork carcasses?
Back fat measurement over the last rib.
What is cortisone and where is it derived from?
Cortisone is used to treat various conditions and is derived from adrenal glands.
What animals are considered the ancestors of modern cattle?
Bos taurus and Bos indicus
What significant event occurred in the 1850s related to poultry?
Poultry shows began to exhibit and recognize different breeds.
What opportunities do fairs and shows provide for producers?
They allow producers to sell and showcase their animals.
How is pricing established for different grades of livestock?
Each species receives its own pricing grid for each grade.
What is heparin used for and where does it come from?
Heparin prevents blood clotting and comes from animal lungs.
What products were exported in return for pork and lard?
Pork and lard
What is the term for the industry that is vertically integrated to meet consumer demand?
A vertically integrated industry.
How do breeders enhance productivity on their ranches?
Breeders take new animals back to increase numbers and productivity.
Besides meat, what other products do livestock provide?
Fiber and skins for clothing production.
What career opportunities exist in the livestock industry?
Opportunities in science, business, and potentially starting a business.
What characteristics made sheep the first livestock animals to be tamed?
Timid and defenseless characteristics
How did the slaughtering practices change during the winter months?
Animals began to be slaughtered in excess during the winter months.
What factors are used to evaluate animals at slaughter?
Animals are evaluated on yield grade (cutability) and quality.
What are some uses for animal by-products?
Used in perfumes, candles, and glycerin.
How has the livestock industry evolved over time?
From allowing animals to roam to Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs).
How do goats differ from sheep in terms of survival in the wild?
Goats can survive in the wild, whereas sheep cannot.
What is a CAFO and how does it differ from traditional grazing?
CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations) provide food brought to animals rather than grazing.
How is back fat measured for determining yield grades in lambs?
By measuring back fat over the last rib of the carcass.
How is meat and bone meal created from inedible products?
The fat is dried and ground to create meat and bone meal.
What advancements are expected in the livestock industry?
The industry will grow with advancements in technology and innovations.