Targeting media programing at specific populations within society
What is narrowcasting
100
Newspapers and magazines, radio, television (broadcast, cable, and satellite), films, recordings, books, and electronic communication are all types of?
What is mass media
100
a documents offering an official comment or position.
What is press release
100
The first election where the debates were televised
What is the election of John F. Kennedy v. Nixon
100
local television stations that carry the programming of a national network
What is affiliate
200
Journalists, such as Upton Sinclair, who searched out and exposed real and apparent misconduct by government, business, and politicians in order to stimulate reform
What is muckrakers
200
an electronic delivery of news gathered by the news service's correspondents and sent to all member news media organizations
What is wire service
200
government attempts to regulate the substance of mass media
What is content regulation
200
the constant process of forming the list of issued to be addressed by government
What is agenda setting
200
technologies, such as the internet, that blur the line between media sources and created new opportunities for the dissemination of news and other info.
What is new media
300
The form of newspaper publishing of the late 1800s which often sensationalized and oversimplified news coverage and featured pictures, comics, and color
What is yellow journalism
300
30-second statements on the evening news shows. The media have been accused of simplifying complicated political issues by relying on sound bites to explain them to the public.
What is sound bites
300
Any contest in which the focus is on who is ahead and by how much rather than on important differences between the candidates.
What is horse race journalism
300
consists of these; who together until the 1990s claimed 80 percent or more of all TV viewers; their evening newscasts dominating electronic media coverage of politics and gov't
What is "Big Three" CBS, NBC, ABC
300
radio and television stations require licenses that are granted by this organization in order to operate; the level of control that they have has lessened lately
What is Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
400
the process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about the issue
What is framing
400
According to the authors, what event(s) shifted the orientation of journalists away from mere description of happenings toward prescription (focusing attention on candidates' shortcomings and certain social problems)?
What is Watergate
400
This requires broadcast stations to sell campaign airtime equally to all candidates if they choose to sell it to any
What is equal time rule
400
words that imply a value judgement, used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument
What is loaded language
500
the supreme court case concluded that "actual malice" must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure.
What is New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
500
a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person; defined loosely by the courts, difficult to prove
What is libel
500
created in 1848; allowed telegraphic distribution of information to newspaper editors on a systematic basis; could not afford to be partisan or biased as it went to a variety of outlets
What is Associated Press
500
rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues.
What is fairness doctrine
500
When a candidate tells a reporter that what they (the candidate) say can be reported but that no hint can be given in the news story about the origin of the information