Social & Economic Structures
This decentralized system was based on land ownership and the exchange of labor or goods for protection.
Feudalism
Most peasant clothing was made from this heavy material to keep them warm during the winter.
Wool
This city was chosen for the Byzantine capital because its geography provided excellent trade routes and natural protection
Constantinople
This city was the most fought-over during the Crusades.
The Hundred Years' War, which actually lasted 116 years, was fought primarily between these two rival nations
England & France
These peasants were "bound to the land" and could not leave the manor without the lord's permission.
What is a serf
These laws regulated what colors, materials, and even how many buttons a person could wear based on their social rank.
Sumptuary Laws
This Byzantine Emperor is famous for reconquering former Roman lands and creating a famous code of laws.
Justinian
A young boy training for knighthood would first become a Page, and then move to this second stage to care for armor and horses.
squire
The English won many early battles because of this weapon, which could fire faster, farther, and more accurately than a crossbow.
longbow
This was the piece of land given to a vassal
What is a fief
In a castle, this was the name for a small room that hung off the side of the wall and served as a toilet.
jake
What is the animal that most theories believe helped spread the bubonic plague?
Rats
One positive legacy of the Crusades was the increase in this between Europe and the Middle East, bringing new goods to the West
trade (also acceptable: cultural exchange)
Explain how the Black Death actually ended up improving the social standing of serfs and how it weakened feudalism.
As many peasants & serfs died and few workers were left with the same amount of work to do, peasants and serfs were able to demand rights and better conditions for their work, with many even able to leave and move to cities instead for new opportunities.
Because the manor produced its own food, clothing, and tools without needing outside trade, it was described by this term.
self-sufficient
This was a popular noble dish made of a sheep’s heart, liver, and lungs boiled inside the sheep’s stomach.
haggis
Which emperor built the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Constantine
A romantic idea that was more about admiring an upper-class lady from a distance, honoring her but respecting her marriage at the same time.
Courtly Love
What did the English & Burgundians accuse Joan of Arc of, and what was the result of the trial?
Crimes: heresy & cross-dressing, Result: execution (burned alive)
This is the unwritten set of rules that governed the relationship and mutual obligations between a lord and his vassal.
the feudal contract
These were associations of people from a particular profession (merchants, craftsmen like blacksmiths, etc.) found in cities whose purpose was to set prices and regulate quality of their goods & services.
guild
Name the bacteria that is responsible for causing the illness that was behind the Black Death pandemic.
yersinia pestis
This knight of the Round Table of Arthur had to undergo a series of challenges or tests set by the Green Knight to prove his worthiness.
Sir Gawain (or just Gawain)
This document that the barons forced King John of England to sign outlined rights and set limitations on a monarch, a first in modern history which influenced the development of modern republics and democracies later.
Magna Carta