Geography
The Capital of the Byzantine Empire.
What is Constantinople?
This invention strengthened the Byzantine Empire's navy's ability to dominate the seas by burning enemy ships.
What is Greek fire?
These are important characteristics for defining what counts as an "enduring issue."
What are that 1) it has a large impact on people across the world 2) it has lasted a long time and continues to this day 3) it has been difficult to solve.
This social class was the largest and yet had the least amount of power in the feudal system.
What are the "serfs" or "peasants"?
These two seas are to the North and South of the Capital of the Byzantine Empire.
What are the Mediterranean and the Black Seas?
This was the name of the sect of Christianity that the Byzantine Empire supported. Many people, like Jews, pagans, or other Christians converted to this sect to avoid persecution and losing their civil rights.
What is (eastern) Orthodox Christianity?
A situation that is deeply unfair, such as a social, economic, religious, or political system that disempowers and treats certain groups of people as inferior.
The Feudal System began following this turning point in history, which happened in the year 476 C.E.
What is "the Fall of Rome"?
What are Europe, Asia, and Africa?
Benjamin of Tudela, a Jewish traveler from Spain, visited the Capital of the Byzantine Empire, and described the city as...
Bordering the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It was filled/busy with merchants from many different regions of the world.
This enduring issue refers to how people, organizations, and governments throughout history have had certain political, economic, religious, and cultural objectives they want to achieve. Therefore, they often take actions, create policies, and enforce laws to expand their influence over society.
What is "the desire for power"?
This term is used to refer to the territories controlled by monarchies in Western Europe after the year 476 CE. These territories were organized to be mostly feudal unlike the Byzantine Empire, in which power continued to be centralized around an emperor and his court.
What are "Kingdoms"?
Before the fall of the Roman Empire, this region of the Roman Empire faced the least amount of invasions from "Barbarians."
What is West Asia or the Middle East?
What is Justinian's Code or "Corpus Juris Civilis"
This refers to how people’s thoughts on topics such as economics, politics, religion, morality, and philosophy can have profound effects on the actions and policies of individuals, organizations, governments, systems, and societies.
What is "the impact of ideas and beliefs"?
This was the social and economic structure created under Feudalism in which lords would protect the serfs who worked on their lord's fief / land / estate. It was designed to be self-sufficient.
What is "Manorialism" or "the Manor System"?
The Byzantine Empire was connected to these 4 different trade networks that stretched across 3 continents.
What are the Mediterranean Sea Complex, the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes, the Silk Road, and the Indian Ocean Complex?
Under the laws of the Byzantine Empire, soldiers in the military were forbidden from these activities to always stay prepared for battle.
What are jobs in farming (domestication of animals, cultivation of the soil) and trade (being a merchant, crafts-men, etc.)
This refers to how connections between people and places, such as trade networks, geography, and cultural exchanges can have profound impacts on the lives of those involved.
These are some of the most important powers that the Pope and Catholic Church had during the Middle Ages.