The Church
A holy ceremony or ritual in the Catholic Church that uses visible signs, like water or bread, to share God’s grace.
What are sacraments?
The staple of the Medieval Peasant's diet
What is bread?
Peasants tied to a manor or land by a feudal contract
What are serfs?
This useful, but expensive, material was essential for farming during the High Middle Ages.
What is iron?
A French who convinced King Charles to let her join the army. She claimed to recieve visions of God telling her to free France. She was captured by the English, charged with witchcraft, and burned at the stake.
Who is Joan of Arc?
A separation between 2 large branches of Christianity
What is a schism?
A business organization from the Middle Ages
What are guilds?
A man who served a lord in a military capacity.
What is a vassal?
The sickness that devastated Medieval Europe between 1347 and 1351. It killed between 25 and 40 million people.
What is the Black Death?
Who is Charlemagne?
The Emperor of the Byzantine State and leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
What is a Patriarch?
The reason that population grew rapidly during the High Middle Ages
What is time of peace? or What is increased Farming?
Land grants given to people in exchange for military or financial service.
What are fiefs?
What is the Hundred Years' War?
Elected Pope in 1075, This man gained large amounts of power for the church through his reforms on Lay Investiture
Who is Pope Gregory VII?
The Pope's power to forbids priests from giving the sacraments of the church to a particular group of people.
What is interdiction?
The non-noble, urban-dwelling class of citizens from the middle ages
What is Bourgeoisie? or What are Burghers?
Noblemen who used their wealth to purchase armor and weapons. Heavily armored Calvary Units.
What are knights?
Series of attacks by European Christians with the goal of recapturing the “Holy Land” (Jerusalem)
What are the crusades?
The emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire in 527. He reconquered Rome's land around the Mediterranean but quickly lost control of it.
Who is Justinian?
Secular rulers nominating church officials and giving them the symbols of their office instead of the Pope
What is Lay Investiture?
Craftsmen who worked below a master, but received a wage for their work
What are Journeymen?
This stood at the top of the feudal hierarchy
What is the King, or What is the Church
The two major trade centers during the High Middle Ages
What are Venice and Flanders?
The King of England at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War.
Who is King Edward III?