Events
Spread by infected fleas that lived on rats, it killed a third of the European population during the Middle Ages
Bubonic Plague/ Black Plague/ Black Death
A large piece of land owned by a Lord
Manor
Living in small, simple houses in the village, these low class citizens tended the land for their Lord & Lady
serfs
Handwritten by monks and their apprentices, these works of art were carefully decorated with paint often using precious metals like gold or silver.
illuminated manuscripts
A staple food in medieval times, this thick soup or stew, was traditionally made with vegetables, grains, and sometimes meat or fish
Pottage
Knights could prove their strength and abilities by taking part in these mock battles in which they charge toward their opponent, attempting to knock him off his horse.
Jousting
After the death of his father, King Henry II, he released his mother from her house arrest, and bravely led the Crusades, earning this nickname
King Richard The Lion-Hearted
Tasked with defending their Lord, King, and God, Knights were held to this code of standards
chivalry
These men and women chose to live apart from society and to devote their lives to the Church
monks & nuns
This deep trench, often filled with water, added protection to some castles
Moat
Led by King Richard, The Crusaders wore large red crosses on their armor and banners as they tried to recapture this city in the Holy Land
Jerusalem
Grandson of William The Conquerer, he restored power and authority to the English monarchy by tearing down castles built without approval, imposing taxes on nobles, and set up a fairer legal system.
King Henry II
Learning to embroider, dance, and play an instrument were daily tasks for these privileged women.
Lady
These prayer books were owned only by the higher social classes, and were to be read at specific times of the day.
Books of Hours
The amount of time the Middle Ages lasted
After raising taxes, ending church services, and taking away rights of the middle class, the unliked King John was presented with this list to limit his authority
Magna Carta
Uniting most of Western and Central Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, his reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting influences on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.
Charlemagne/ Charles the Great
A serf could become a freeman if he managed to live in a town without being found for this amount of time
One year & One day
A terrifying prospect for any Medieval Christian, this religious censure would exclude a person from church membership.
Excommunication
This collection of 24 stories written in Middle English, was one of the most notable contributions to English literature from the Middle Ages
Canterbury Tales
In 1066 CE, The Duke of Normandy invaded and defeated King Harold and his English army in this eight hour battle that would earn him his new title King William I of England AKA William The Conquerer
The Battle of Hastings
After receiving visions from God, this peasant girl led French soldiers to victory against the English, later to be captured and found guilty of being a heretic
Joan of Arc
Skilled craftsmen thrived in their town community by becoming a master in of these three Medieval crafts
carpentry, papermaking, glass making, blacksmith
New engineering skills enabled stonemasons to create this prominent style of Medieval architecture characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and large, ornate windows.
Gothic
As a young boy, he was sent to Florence to work with a Master painter, and later became one of Italy’s most accomplished painters and architects of the Middle Ages.
Giotto