The Beginning of the Middle Ages
What year marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
476 AD, when the last Western Roman emperor was defeated.
What did the Romans call people who lived beyond their frontiers?
Barbarians or “foreigners"
Who founded the religion of Islam?
Muhammad
Which kingdom was created in the 8th century?
The Kingdom of Asturias
What is the holy book of Islam?
The Quran
Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into two parts?
What type of leader did each Germanic tribe have?
A chieftain, chosen by an assembly.
What was the capital city of Al-Andalus?
Córdoba
Where did the Visigoths take refuge after the Muslim invasion?
In the mountains in the north of the Iberian Peninsula
What crops did Muslims introduce to the countryside?
Rice, aubergines, and artichokes
What were the two parts of the Roman Empire called?
The Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire
Which three Germanic tribes invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 409?
The Suevi, the Alans, and the Vandals
In what year did Muslims conquer the Iberian Peninsula?
711
What victory in 1212 helped Christian kingdoms reclaim land?
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
What was the name of the fortress that protected the city?
Alcázar
Why did many people leave the cities for the countryside during the fall of Rome?
It was easier to find food in the countryside.
Which tribe helped the Romans and later ruled the Iberian Peninsula?
The Visigoths.
What battle marked the beginning of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula?
The Battle of Guadalete
Which four Christian kingdoms existed by the 13th century?
Castilla, Aragón, Navarra, and Portugal
What were the two main buildings found inside city walls?
Mosques and souks (markets)
What problem did Germanic attacks cause for the Roman Empire?
Greater insecurity and less trade
What language and religion did the Visigoths adopt?
They adopted Latin and converted to Christianity.
Who declared himself independent emir of Al-Andalus in 756?
Abd al-Rahman I
What was the process of encouraging settlers to move to unoccupied land called?
Repopulation
What were the working-class neighborhoods outside the city walls called?
Arrabales