The Crusades
This city was holy to Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
What is Jerusalem?
This powerful new weapon became common during the Crusades.
What is the crossbow?
Trade declined after this empire collapsed.
What is the Roman Empire?
Towns grew mainly because of this economic activity.
What is trade?
Everyday languages spoken by ordinary people, not Latin.
What are vernacular languages?
This group of Muslim Turks took control of Palestine in the late 1000s.
Who were the Seljuq Turks?
The economic system weakened as a result of the Crusades.
What is feudalism?
These Italian city-states dominated Mediterranean trade.
What are Venice, Genoa, and Pisa?
A written document granting towns rights and freedoms.
What is a charter?
This deadly disease killed about one-third of Europe’s population in the 1300s.
What is the Black Death?
The pope who called for the First Crusade in 1095.
Who was Pope Urban II?
European rulers gained power partly because many nobles did this to fund crusades.
What is selling their land?
This merchant alliance controlled trade in northern Europe.
What is the Hanseatic League?
Living in a town for “a year and a day” gave a person this.
What is freedom?
The author of The Divine Comedy.
Who was Dante Alighieri?
The only crusade that successfully captured Jerusalem.
What was the First Crusade?
Italian cities grew wealthy by controlling this activity after the Crusades.
What is trade?
Large trade events held in France that attracted merchants from across Europe.
What are the Champagne fairs?
Organizations that regulated trades and crafts in towns.
What are guilds?
The English writer of The Canterbury Tales.
Who was Geoffrey Chaucer?
The Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187.
Who was Saladin?
This was the last Christian stronghold to fall in 1291.
What is Acre?
A system where goods were exchanged without using money.
What is barter?
The three stages of training for skilled workers.
What are apprentice, journeyman, and master?
One major economic or social effect of the Black Death in Europe.
What is labor shortages, higher wages, weakened feudalism, or social unrest?
This crusade attacked Christian cities instead of the Holy Land.
What was the Fourth Crusade?
One major way the Crusades changed European culture.
What is cultural exchange with Muslims and Byzantines?
A banking tool that allowed merchants to avoid carrying coins.
What is a bill of exchange?
This social class grew from merchants and skilled workers.
What is the middle class?
This architectural style featured pointed arches and flying buttresses.
What is Gothic architecture?