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A a medieval social system in which people were organized according to wealth and power on the social pyramid.
What is feudalism?
A male monarch; member of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation or territory.
What is a king?
A period of European economic expansion. It included the growth of capitalism, banking, and investing.
Commercial Revolution
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack.
What is a moat?
Head/leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
What is a pope?
Land given to a lord in return for loyalty and service.
What is a fief.
A peasant who worked the land - bound to the lord of the estate.
What is a serf ?
A strict code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages.
What is chivalry?
A person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer (master), having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.
What is an apprentice?
The major CAUSE of population growth
The Agricultural Revolution
A European noble who served as a mounted soldier, an important soldier during the Middle Ages.
What is a knight?
An economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land for mutual benefit.
What is manorialism?
A Church court set up to try people accused of heresy
The Inquisition
The Church that was central to Medieval Europeans' lives, it united Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
What is the Roman Catholic Church?
A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
What are the Crusades?
During the 1400s, the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain
The Reconquista
A large estate, often including farms and a village, owned by a noble family.
What is a manor?
A contest where knights could fight in mock battles; useful in helping knights train for war.
What are tournaments?
The official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054
The Great Schism
(800-814 AD) crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy, spread Christianity/Roman Catholicism.
Who was Charlemagne?
A person of high rank by birth or title in a society.
What is a noble?
What are the two churches AFTER the Great Schism?
The Roman Catholic Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church
Someone who pledged to serve a person of higher rank.
What is a vassal?
Halted Muslim expansion into Western Europe
The Battle of Tours
The division of Charlemagne’s empire among his grandsons
Treaty of Verdun