States of Matter & Diffusion
Name the three main states of matter.
Solid, liquid, gas
What is the name of the substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution?
Solute
Is oxygen O2 an element, compound, or mixture?
Element
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral/no charge
Balance this equation: H2+O2→H2O
2H2+O2→2H2O
What happens to the movement of particles when a solid turns into a liquid?
The particles move faster
Name one separation technique used to separate salt from water.
Evaporation or distillation
What is the key difference between a compound and a mixture?
Compounds are chemically combined, while mixtures are not.
What is the electronic configuration of sodium (Na) 11 electrons?
2,8,1
What is the relative atomic mass of carbon C?
12
Why does diffusion happen faster in gases compared to liquids?
Gas particles are farther apart and move faster.
What is the principle behind separating a mixture by filtration?
It separates substances based on particle size
How does paper chromatography separate different dyes?
Different dyes travel at different speeds based on their solubility in the solvent and affinity for the paper.
What is the group number for elements with 7 electrons in their outermost shell?
Group 7
Calculate the molar mass of water (H2O).
18 g/mol
Explain why a drop of food coloring spreads faster in hot water than in cold water.
In hot water, particles move faster due to higher kinetic energy.
Why can’t you separate salt and water using filtration?
Salt is dissolved and passes through the filter as part of the solution.
Why is the baseline in chromatography drawn in pencil rather than pen?
Pencil does not dissolve in the solvent.
Why the last group of the periodic table is group 0?
Because its elements have all their outer shell complete.
If you have 36 g of water, how many moles do you have?
36/18=2 moles
What state of matter exists at very high temperatures where atoms are stripped of their electrons?
Plasma
What is the process used to separate crude oil into different fractions?
distillation
In chromatography, what does the Rf value represent?
The ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance traveled by the solvent front.
If an atom has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 15 electrons, what is its mass number?
31, calculated as 15+1615 + 1615+16
If you have 88 g of carbon dioxide CO2 how many moles of CO2 do you have?
88/44=2 moles