Carbohydrates
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What type of bond links amino acids together?
peptide bond
What are the main components of a triglyceride?
glycerol and fatty acids
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What functional group is characterized by -OH?
hydroxyl group
What type of carbohydrate is formed by two monosaccharides?
Disaccharide
What is the term for the specific region of an enzyme that binds to a substrate?
active site
What type of lipid forms the bilayer of cell membranes?
phospholipids
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
What functional group is characterized by C=O?
carbonyl group
Name a storage form of glucose in animals.
Glycogen
Name the process by which proteins lose their functional shape.
denaturation
What is a common characteristic of all lipids?
hydrophobic or nonpolar
What base is found in RNA but not in DNA
uracil
What functional group is characterized by -NH2?
Amino group
What polysaccharide is found in plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What happens in the secondary structure of a protein?
Forms local structures like alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets through hydrogen bonding.
What are the two main types of fatty acids?
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
What sugar is found in DNA
deoxyribose
What functional group is responsible for the properties of alcohols?
hydroxyl group
What are the two main functions of carbohydrates in cells?
Energy storage and structural support
What happens in the tertiary structure of a protein?
The polypeptide chain folds into a specific three-dimensional shape and is stabilized by interactions between R groups.
How are trans fats created?
hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
What is the primary function of DNA
storing genetic information
What functional group makes compounds acidic?
carboxyl group