Ozone-Depleting Substances
This common household item often contains chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
refrigerator or air conditioner
The Montreal Protocol was adopted in this year.
1987
The ozone layer is found in this layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
stratosphere
The Montreal Protocol is considered one of the most successful international environmental treaties because it has successfully reduced the production and consumption of these harmful substances.
ozone-depleting substances
The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol addresses the phase-down of this group of substances, which are potent greenhouse gases as well as ozone-depleting substances.
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
This ozone-depleting substance, used as a solvent in industrial processes, was phased out under the Montreal Protocol and is also a greenhouse gas.
methyl chloroform
This city hosted the meeting.
Montreal
This gas, composed of three oxygen atoms, makes up the ozone layer.
O₃
This harmful effect of ozone depletion can lead to decreased agricultural productivity and disruption of ecosystems.
reduced crop yields and ecosystem damage
This United Nations agency provides support to countries in implementing the Montreal Protocol and achieving its objectives.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
This ozone-depleting substance, used in the production of foam insulation, was phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)
The phase-out of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol is organized in stages called these.
Montreal Protocol Adjustments
This layer of the Earth's atmosphere lies directly below the stratosphere and contains the troposphere.
troposphere
This group of animals, known for their sensitivity to UV radiation, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of ozone depletion.
amphibians
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer laid the groundwork for the Montreal Protocol and was adopted in this year.
1985
This ozone-depleting substance, used as a solvent in industrial processes, was phased out under the Montreal Protocol and is also a greenhouse gas.
methyl chloroform
The ozone hole, a severe thinning of the ozone layer, was first discovered over this continent.
Antarctica
This phenomenon, caused by the depletion of the ozone layer, increases the risk of skin cancer and cataracts.
UV radiation
The phase-out of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol has led to a gradual recovery of the ozone layer, particularly over this region.
Antarctic ozone hole
This international day, observed on September 16th, commemorates the signing of the Montreal Protocol.
the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
This group of chemicals, including halons and methyl bromide, are also regulated by the Montreal Protocol due to their ozone-depleting properties.
halogenated hydrocarbons
This Nobel Prize-winning atmospheric chemist is often referred to as the "father of the Montreal Protocol" for his pioneering work on ozone depletion.
Mario Molina
The ozone hole is an area of severely depleted ozone concentration over this continent.
Antarctica
The economic benefits of the Montreal Protocol, are primarily due to avoided health and environmental damages.
trillions of US dollars
The goals of the Montreal Protocol are aligned with this international agreement, which aims to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Paris Agreement