Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
When the child asks, "What's in it for me?" the parents respond by offering him a treat as a reward.
Instrumental Orientation
whether the action was good, terrible, or neutral; the act's nature
The object of the act
Is the conduct deliberate or careless?
Voluntariness
happens naturally in us without our input
Antecedent concupiscence
Finishing school
Defining Moment
The importance of excellent behavior and being "nice" to others is emphasized.
"Good Boy, Nice Girl" Orientation
Even with such grandeur, a good deed cannot make up for a wrong one.
The end
when an action is taken solely as a means or as a goal in and of itself
Direct voluntary act
In the event of complete ignorance, an act would be performed without knowledge; and in the absence of information, voluntariness and, thus, accountability are impossible.
Invincible Ignorance
Choosing to forgive than to hate
Fundamental Option
The person sees laws and regulations as adaptable instruments for advancing human goals.
Social Contract Orientation
the location of the performance
The circumstance of place
should not be hindered by an unstoppable force or unmanageable anxiety
Freedom
a mental state characterized by anxiety about an approaching evil
Fear
Thinking before speaking
Prudence
some individuals will never reach this level
Universal, ethical principle orientation
the way the agent performs the act or the circumstances around it
The circumstance of Manner
acquaintance with a fact, circumstance, or reality revealed by experience or revealed in conversation or interaction with people or objects
Knowledge
something that is ingrained yet firmly rooted in an individual; the agent's repeated activities
Habits
encouraging friends to plant trees
human act
Behavior is determined by consequences.
Obedience and Punishment Orientation
The act itself is where the goodness or evil is found.
Intrinsic Morality
The conduct is not fully understood or consented to.
Imperfect voluntariness
the one with the free will to use the specified force against his victim
Free Cause
Conscience