Cranial Nerves
This nerve controls adduction and abduction of the VF's
What is Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)
These types of nerves are apart of the peripheral nervous system
LMN's (Afferent)
This is the voluntary pathway made up of UMNs and LMNs
What is the Pyramidal System/ Direct Motor Pathway
Damage to LMN leads to effects on this side of the body
Ipsilateral (Same side)
These are the 4 levels of expressing language
1. Linguistic-symbolic planning
2. Motor planning
3. Motor programming
4. Execution
This branch of CN X (Vagus) controls our velum.
BONUS (100 pts) - How would damage to this nerve impact our speech?
What is the Pharyngeal Plexus Branch of CN X (Vagus)
BONUS - Hypernasal Speech (Can't close off nasal passage)
Nerves that originate at the motor cortex?
What are UMN's
This is the Involuntary Pathway made up of UMNs and LMNs
BONUS (200 pts) - Name the 2 circuits within this system
Extrapyramidal system/ Indirect Motor Pathway
BONUS - Basal Ganglia Circuit & Cerebellar Circuit
In a patient, this term is used for muscles that are extremely weak
What is flaccidity?
This occurs during linguistic-symbol planning
Formulation of idea/ word-retrieval
The only cranial nerve that is responsible for motor movement of the tongue
What is CN XII (Hypoglossal)
These LMN's synapse at the brainstem
This is where the corticobulbar tract originates and synapses
Originate - M1 & synapse at the level of brainstem with cranial nerves
This causes ipsilateral spasticity
What is damage to UMNs inferior to pyramidal decussation?
This occurs during motor planning
Mapping out sounds within each word (e.g., "In my SLP era" ɪ-n m-aɪ ɛ-s-ɛ-l-p-i ˈɛ-r-ə
SURPRISE!
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These LMNs synapse at the spinal cord
This is where the corticospinal tract originates and synapses
Originates - M1
Synapses - At the level of the spinal cord with spinal nerves
In a patient, this term is used for muscles that are extremely tight/contracted
What is spasticity?
This occurs during motor programming
The sequence for muscle movements are mapped out for each sound (e.g, ɪ = air expiration, vocal folds adduct, velum is lowered, tongue is high/front, jaw is open)
Damage to a Cranial Nerve (LMN) will ALWAYS result in -----lateral and (flaccidity or spasticity)?
Damage to a cranial nerve will ALWAYS result in IPSILATERAL FLACCIDITY
250 Points - Damage to LMNs presents as ..
250 Points - Damage to UMNS presents as ..
LMN - What is flaccidity?
UMN - What is spasticity?
This is a "two neuron system"
What is the pyramidal system/direct motor pathway?
This causes contralateral spasticity
What is damage to UMNs superior to pyramidal decussation?
This occurs during motor execution
Muscles CONTRACT according to program (e.g, ɪ = air expiration, vocal folds adduct, velum is lowered, tongue is high/front, jaw is open)