Basic Knowledge of the Muscular System
Name any 4 Muscles located in the body
Bicep, Quad, Hamstring, Trapezius
What is cardiac muscle?
Lining the wall of the heart.
Nonvoluntary
Name 3 body systems that work with the muscular system?
1. Respiratory system
2. Circulatory system
3. Nervous system
Motor neuron
Type of neuron that connects brain to muscle fibers and make them contract
How are muscles attached on either end of two bones?
Tendons
Name 3 characteristics that cardiac muscle fibers have.
Striations
Intercalated discs
Nucleus
What is smooth muscle?
muscles that forms the walls of blood vessels, and hallow organs.
1.What is atrophy?
2.What is hypertrophy?
1.During prolonged inactivity, muscles can shrink in mass.
2.Exercising causes an increase in muscle size
Motor unit & Neuromuscular junction
Motor unit- unity of motor neuron and muscle fiber
NMJ- the space between muscle fibers and motor neuron
Name 3 types of muscle tissue
1. Cardiac
2. Smooth
3. Skeletal
How do intercalated disc's help the heart?
They help the heart keep beating in a rhythm
Name a characteristic of a smooth muscle?
It has a single nucleus.
What is an isometric contraction?
When the muscles contracts and no movement results. Muscles do not shorten Ex: plank
Supination and Pronation
supination- hand positions that result from rotation of the forearm.
Palms up= Supination
Palms down= Pronation
Functions of the skeletal muscle
1. Movement- allows our body to move
2. Temperature Regulation- Produces heat
3. Posture- Muscles allow posture
Name the muscle in your chest
Pectoralis major
Name 4 areas in your body that have smooth muscle?
1. Trachea
2. Intestines
3. Sweat Glands
4. Blood vessels
What is an isotonic contraction? Give examples of an isotonic contraction
produces movement at a joint. the length of the muscle changes but the tension relatively stays the same.
Examples: Walking, running, breathing, lifting, twisting, and most body movements are example of isotonic contractions.
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
Refers to ankle movements
Dorsiflexion- elevated foot with the toes pointing upward.
Plantar flexion- bottom of foot is directed downward. Toes pointed downward.
What is a non voluntary muscle? Name 2 non voluntary muscles
Muscles that you don't think about moving.
1. Cardiac 2 .Smooth
Explain the correlation between calcium and the heart
Calcium is stored within the muscle cell. This is important because your heat is a muscle and it needs to contract.
Why is low calcium bad for smooth muscles?
They are affected because smooth muscles are located in the walls of blood vessels and many hallow organs so it will affect how they contract.
There are two types of isotonic contraction. What are they called? Explain each contraction.
1. Concentric contraction- it's when the muscles shortens
2. Eccentric contraction- when the muscle lengthens.
Inversion and Eversion
movement of the ankle
Inversion- turns ankle so that the bottom of the foot faces toward the midline of the body(rolled on pinky toe)
Eversion- turns the ankle in the opposite direction, so that the bottom of the foot faces away from the midline (rolled on big toe)