Show:
Muscle Types
Contraction
Sports
Microscope Lab
Riddles
100
How does cell specialization relate to muscle types?
Each type of muscle is specialized for particular functions: skeletal muscle attaches to bones and acts as levers, smooth muscle lines internal organs, and cardiac muscle keeps your heart beating.
100
Skeletal muscle fibers are filled with tightly packed filament bundles that look like "twizzlers" called...
Myofibrils
100
Skeletal muscles are joined together by tough connective tissue called ______. During sports, one can tear this structure such as the Achilles.
Tendons
100
A cell with intercalated disks is a _____________ and its function is to _______________
Cardiac muscle cell Helps coordinate the electrical conduction and make sure all heart muscle cells contract together, in unison.
100
Muscle fatigue is no fun at all It can occur and then you might fall pain, stress, ice, and rest stop putting your muscles to the test! Explain how muscle fatigue occurs and how it can be prevented (4 ways)
Occurs with leaky calcium ion channels within the sarcolemma or cell membrane of muscle cells. Prevention: drink lots of water, rest, stay out of hot sun, eat carb and protein rich foods after a workout, maintain consistent exercise, avoid a sedentary lifestyle, wait it out
200
Powerful, smooth muscle contractions are responsible for pushing a baby out of its mother's uterus during birth. Which muscle type is this?
Smooth muscle.
200
True or false. During muscle contraction, the proteins actin and myosin get physically shorter in length.
False. It is a sliding filament model where the two proteins slide past one another but the total length of each protein remains constant during both muscle contraction and relaxation.
200
What is blood doping?
An illegal strategy that some elite athletes utilize to gain an unfair advantage in sports. Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance.
200
Name 5 places where smooth muscle is found in the human body.
Uterus Bladder Lining of arteries/veins Lining of stomach Lining of small intestine Lining of large intestine Lining of bronchi- large airways that lead to the lungs
200
A patient ate some pancakes one day He wasn't okay. Why?
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) is a disorder that causes occasional episodes of muscle weakness and sometimes a lower than normal level of potassium in the blood. The medical name for low potassium level is hypokalemia The key to restoring Mr. Chang's mobility was to create conditions in the blood that would help the cells reach the electrical charge they needed to fire. Getting his potassium to a normal level would do the trick. But we had to act fast.
300
____________cells that break down bone in the skeletal system are multinucleate just like ____________cells in the muscular system.
Osteoclasts Skeletal muscle cells (must answer both correctly to get points)
300
How do the nervous system and muscular system work together when a muscle contracts?
The impulse triggering muscle contraction comes from the nervous system and travels down motor neurons to the neuromuscular junction (space between the neuron and the muscle sarcolemma). The impulse initiates a series of events in the muscle that results in contraction.
300
What is gene doping?
Gene doping is an outgrowth of gene therapy. However, instead of injecting DNA into a person's body for the purpose of restoring some function related to a damaged or missing gene, as in gene therapy, gene doping involves inserting DNA for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance.
300
Use a white board to draw a skeletal muscle and include 4 organelle labels.
Should have more than 1 nucleus, striations, cytoplasm, sarcolemma (specialized cell membrane)
300
The Olympics a test of strength and might Athletes compete and it's quite a sight Name 5 muscle groups that an ice skater would use.
Soleus Gastrocnemius Quadriceps Obliques Adductors in legs
400
What does it mean when muscles work together as an "antagonistic pair?"
Two muscle groups, such as the biceps and triceps, work in tandem, in opposites, by contracting and relaxing as you straighten or bend your arm at the elbow.
400
What is the cross-bridge and how is it formed during muscle contraction?
A cross-bridge is when the thick myosin filament attaches to the thin actin filament. The cross-bridges then change shape, pulling the actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere (contractile unit of muscle). It is formed when the actin and myosin interact.
400
An athlete takes anabolic steroids illegally. What are some possible side effects?
Anabolic steroid abuse has been associated with a wide range of adverse side effects ranging from some that are physically unattractive, such as acne and breast development in men, to others that are life threatening, such as heart attacks and liver cancer. Severe acne, oily skin and hair. Hair loss. Liver disease, such as liver tumors and cysts. Kidney disease. Heart disease, such as heart attack and stroke. Altered mood, irritability, increased aggression, depression or suicidal tendencies.
400
If you see a smooth muscle cell in the microscope, it will look like a _____________ because it doesn't have _______.
Kayak, or tapered point in shape. It does not have any striations It has one nucleus only per cell.
400
Mr. Chang, a patient, couldn't move his legs at all It was like he had taken quite a fall But he hadn't What happened to his ion channels and why?
Mr. Chang's muscle cells weren't about to move unless his nerves prompted their ion channels to spring open like molecular sluice gates. For the channels to work, the cells must reach a certain internal electrical charge. Only then will they let sodium and calcium rush in and potassium rush out. This flow of ions kick-starts the contractile proteins actin and myosin. Each type of ion channel allows only one particular ion, whether potassium, sodium, or calcium, to pass through. And each type of channel opens at a different voltage. Yet the channels must act in flawless harmony each time you so much as blink an eye.
500
Without gravity, (i.e. in space), what would happen to your muscles? (Textbook Page 933- hint)
Many muscles go unused, such as muscles in the legs. An Astronaut may lose up to 5% muscle mass a week in space, and must maintain a consistent exercise program on a space shuttle.
500
Describe the complete process and molecular events of muscular system contraction.
Brain sends an electrical signal to a motor neuron, which releases the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach), which lets sodium enter the muscle cell through the sarcolemma. Calcium is released from storage sites within the muscle cell, and binds to a protein called troponin (“guard”), which moves the rope-like protein tropomyosin, exposing the binding sites on actin. Thick protein myosin binds to thin protein, actin, forming a cross-bridge as the two proteins overlap, shortening the length of muscle fibers, the muscle contracts
500
Steroids mimic which hormone? What is their intended goal?
Testosterone hormone. Some athletes take a form of steroids — known as anabolic-androgen steroids or just anabolic steroids — to increase their muscle mass and strength. The main anabolic steroid hormone produced by your body is testosterone.
500
Write a haiku about structure and function for one muscle cell type.
Must include STRUCTURE and FUNCTION. Ask if you have questions.
500
_______muscles generate force They are quite strong in a horse ______muscles are slow and steady They contract after a meal when ready ______muscles keep you alive and this beats faster near a bee hive
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac